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The Beginnings of Civilization

The Beginnings of Civilization. Coach Parrish Chapter 1, Section 3 OMS. Irrigation. Irrigation – supplying land with water from another place using a network of canals. Advantages of a Settled Life. Surplus – more that what is needed.

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The Beginnings of Civilization

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  1. The Beginnings of Civilization Coach Parrish Chapter 1, Section 3 OMS

  2. Irrigation • Irrigation – supplying land with water from another place using a network of canals.

  3. Advantages of a Settled Life • Surplus – more that what is needed. Example: We have more food than we need. Therefore we have a surplus of food. • Surplus food can stored and used for later meals.

  4. Advantages of a Settled Life • The Population Grows • Farming allowed families to grow larger. Hunter – gatherers could not have large families because they could not feed them. • In 10,000 BC, historians estimated the population to be around 5 million. By 5,000 BC, the population had grown to 20 million.

  5. Early Villages and Towns • As the population increased, small settlements grew into towns. • As surpluses increased, people began to obtain new jobs. For example, some people became artisans. • Artisan – worker who is especially skilled in crafting items by hand. Items made by artisans include baskets, leather goods, tools, or cloth.

  6. The Growth of Cities • Cities began to appear around areas that had surpluses of food and a water supply. • Where were the first cities located? • Nile (Egypt) • Tigris (Iraq) • Euphrates (Iraq) • Indus (Pakistan)

  7. The Earliest Cities • Cities were larger than farming towns that had begun to appear. Cities also had large buildings to store surplus food. • In cities, workers had a variety of occupations or jobs. • Governments also formed. They formed to keep order and provide services to the people.

  8. The First Civilizations • New Stone Age societies eventually grew into civilizations. • Civilizations – society that has cities, a central government run by official leaders, and workers who specialize in various jobs.

  9. The First Civilizations • The Bronze Age • The Bronze Age began when artisans learned how to melt certain rocks at high temperatures so that the metal copper would separate from the rock. • They then learned how to melt copper and tin together to form bronze. • Bronze tools and weapons were stronger and more durable than stone weapons and tools.

  10. The First Civilizations • Trade and the Spread of Ideas • Artisans carried there products to far away cities. They traded their products for food and other things. • By 3500 BC, some civilizations had developed the wheel and axle. Trade increased with the invention of the wheel.

  11. The First Civilizations • Social Classes Develop • Trade caused social classes to develop. • Social Class – group of people having similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living.

  12. King Nobles Priests Artisans Farmers Slaves

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