KEK-JAERI Joint Project on High Intensity Proton Accelerators

1. KEK-JAERI Joint Projecton High Intensity Proton AcceleratorsShoji NagamiyaProject Team • What is the Joint Project ? • Sciences with the Joint Project • Recent Progress and the Future Project Plan • Issues for Nuclear and Particle Physics

2. Configuration of the Accelerator Complex

3. Site View of the Project Life & Material Science (Neutron, Muon, RI) Particle Nuclear Physics 3 GeV Synchrotron Linac 400 MeV normal linac 400-600 MeV superconducting linac 50 GeV Synchrotron Neutrino Nuclear Transmutation

4. Site and Surroundings

5. World’s Proton Accelerators

6. Why Do We Need High Intensity Protons? ・Materials & Life Sciences at 3 GeV ・Nuclear & Particle Physics at 50 GeV ・R&D toward Transmutation at 0.6 GeV

7. Three Questions about Mass • Concept of the Mass Itself • Higgs Mechanism(LHC, Lepton Collider, etc.) • Neutrino Mass? • Beyond the Standard Model • Generation of the Mass of Matter (= Generation of the Mass of Proton or Neutron) • Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking

8. Nuclear/Particle Physics (1) • Neutrino oscillation and neutrino mass (SuperK + K2K) • SuperK’s atmospheric n experiment + recent SNO experiment suggests the finite mass for nm and n. • K2K nmdisappearance experiment also suggests the finite mass of nm. • From measurement of mn to the lepton family mixing (Joint Project) • Flux (nm) at the Planned 50 GeV PS > 100 x Flux (nm) at KEK 12 GeV PS • Future facility … towards CP violation

9. Atoms and Neutrinos in the Universe Three types of neutrinos (ne, nm, n) Proton + Electron One each One billion each！ ２ｍ ２ｍ

10. New Data from K2K 2 year (1999-2001) data observed at SuperKamiokande No oscillation (expected) = 64 + 6.1 - 6.6 Observed = 44 97% confident that n carries a finite mass.

11. Asian Map

12. Nuclear/Particle Physics (2) • Methods of how to study the origin of hadron mass • Lattice QCD (theory) • Implantation of a hadron in nuclear matter (Joint Project) • Behavior of hadrons at hot and dense nuclear matter (RHIC) • mu, d-quark (5-10 MeV/c2) • < (1/100) mproton (1000 MeV/c2)

13. Atoms and Nuclei

14. Possible Mass Modification? p + A Reactions K. Ozawa, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5019 (2001).

15. Materials/Life Sciences (1) Neutron Scattering Li O Mn O Li Material for Li-battery seen by X rays (left) and Neutrons (right) X-rays interact with electrons. X-rays see high-Z atoms. Neutrons interact with nuclei. Neutrons see low-Z atoms. T. Kamiyama, et al.

16. Materials/Life Sciences (2) Hen Egg-White Lysozyme Water molecules Observed with neutrons N. Niimura, et al. X-rays Neutrons Protein From structure to function

17. Materials/Life Sciences (3) CuGeO3 M. Arai, et al.

18. Materials/Life Sciences (4) Muon Sciences

19. World Centers For Kaons: World’s center. For neutrinos and for neutrons: One of three big centers. For transmutation: A unique facility.

20. Accelerator-Driven Transmutation (ADS) Atomic Power Station 群分離 核変換処理 Target Proron Proton Accelerator Short-lived Nuclei High-Level Waste Neutron Without transmutation ･･･ Long-lived Nuclei Short-lived Nuclei With Transmutation ･･･ Radiation Level（about１/200） Takes 102 yrs to reach the negligible level Takes 〜104 yrs to reach the negligible level

21. Transmutation + Energy Production

22. Recent Events (1) • August, 1998: Suggestion of a joint effort between Monbu-sho and Science and Tech. Agency (STA) • March, 1999: MoU between JAERI and KEK signed. • New organization for the project was initiated. • April, 1999: International Review: Y. Cho (chair) • Emphasized the importance of the joint effort. • May, 1999: Positive Movement at both Monbu-sho and STA • Monbu-sho: Science Council emphasized the importance of a cooperative effort between KEK and JAERI. • STA: The Joint Proposal was submitted to the Atomic Energy Council of Japan. Enthusiastic! • December, 1999 - June, 2000: Another (& the last) major review of the project. • The Review Committee was formed under the Atomic Energy Council of Japan and the Science Council of Japan. • Final report was published in August, 2000. • Encouraged strongly the project. Need to set priorities.

23. Recent Events (2) • April, 2001: Phase 1 construction started. • Phase 1 + Phase 2 = 1,890 Oku Yen. • Phase 1 = 1,335 Oku Yen for 6 years. • Cash in fund = 30 (JFY00) + 47 (JFY01) Oku Yen. • Construction budget does not include salaries. • May, 2001: Construction Agreement between KEK and JAERI signed. A new construction team initiated. • About 300 people from KEK and JAERI are now working. • June, 2001: Interim Report from the Prefecture Committee, called “Science Frontier 21”. • Connection to industry, Internationalization of Tokai Village, etc. • Final report will be published in March, 2002. • July, 2001: Approval by the Tokai Village. • Geological studies have been started. • December, 2001: Budget for JFY2002 (+ Supplemental budget for JFY2001).

24. 今年５月の調印式 Ceremony in May, 2001

25. Phase 1 and Phase 2

26. Phase 1 Items to be Constructed at 50 GeV • Accelerator • Stable operations up to 30 GeV guarenteed. Most likely, up to 40 GeV is possible. • Magnets and all accelerator elements to be constructed in Phase 1 are for the 50 GeV operation. • The power storage device is deferred to Phase 2. • Slow Extraction • Very limited experimental areas (see the later talks). • Fast Extraction • Elements that must be installed at the beginning will be constructed. • The minimum accelerator components + building for the fast extraction from 50 GeV. • Crossing point between the neutrino line and the 3 GeV BT. to allow Phase 2 neutrino construction without any major shutdown of the accelerators

27. Ion Source

28. RFQ and DTL RFQ with π-mode stabilizing loopDTL with quadrupole magnet imbedded

29. Novel RF Cavity with Finemet • 高透磁率金属磁性体の開発 • 最高加速性能 • （ 50kV/m ）を達成 FINEMET(高透磁率金属磁性体）装荷空胴

30. Magnet for 50 GeV Synchrotron

31. Proposed Schedule Now

32. Organization for Construction

33. Issues for 50 GeV PS • Accelerator • Phase 1: 40 GeV could be possible instead of 30 GeV. • An additional power storage device is needed for 50 GeV (Phase 2 includes the power storage device). • Slow Extraction • Need to select a few experiments for Phase 1. • Will form PAC-like Committee soon to select possible experiments for Phase 1 (This point is a discussion item at this Workshop.) • When do we propose Phase 2 ? • Fast Extraction • Neutrino experiment has a very high priority. KEK will submit Phase 2 neutrino construction budget to the Government soon. • Need to form a high-level review committee at the Government.

34. Issues for 50 GeV PS (continued) • Other Issues • What to do about an anti-proton accumulator ring? • LEAR magnets were shipped from CERN to KEK. • The site has to be saved before the Phase 1 construction. • Are there any other important areas to be reserved before finalizing the Phase 1 construction design? • Polarized protons? • Experimental Activities until the Completion of the Project • KEK 12 GeV activities and the experimental activities outside Japan. Most likely, the PAC-like Committee will be formed within half a year. Call for LOI will be made at that time. -- Need discussions at this Workshop, though.

35. Beam Commissioning

36. Possible Upgrades • From 1 MW to 5 MW • Strong voice toward 5 MW from neutron scattering community. • Also, this upgrade is useful for nuclear transmutation. • Nuclear/particle physics • Neutrino factory • Muon factory • Anti-proton accumulator ring • Ultra cold neutrons • Heavy-ion beams at about 20 GeV per nucleon • Polarized protons

37. Summary • Uniqueness of the Project • Goal: World’s highest intensity for proton beams. • Variety of secondary beams + Variety of frontier sciences. • International Research Center • Would like to create a research center in the Asian/Oceanic region. • Would also like to invite scientists from Europe and the US. • Variety of Possibilities for Future Upgrades • First Example of the Joint Project between the Past Two Agencies, Monbu-sho and STA. • Need to Establish “Strategy” for the 50 GeV Experimental Activities This Workshop