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Naming Inorganic Compounds

Naming Inorganic Compounds. Vladimíra Kvasnicová. Memorize:. 1) classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements 3) Latin names of elements 4) names of common cations and anions 5) common names of selected compounds. Memorize:. 1) classification of elements

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Naming Inorganic Compounds

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  1. Naming Inorganic Compounds Vladimíra Kvasnicová

  2. Memorize: 1)classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements 3) Latin names of elements 4) names of common cations and anions 5) common names of selected compounds

  3. Memorize: 1)classification of elements see Periodic table of Elements

  4. The figure is found at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/periodic_table.gif (September 2007)

  5. The figure is found at http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif(September 2007)

  6. Memorize: 1)classification of elements see Periodic table • alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr (IA) • alkali earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba (IIA) • halogens: F, Cl, Br, I (VIIA) • inert gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (VIIIA)

  7. Memorize: 1)classification of elements see Periodic table • nonmetals: H (IA) B (IIIA) C, Si (IVA) N, P, As (VA) O, S, Se (VIA) halogens (VIIA) central atoms of acids

  8. Memorize: 1)classification of elements see Periodic table • transition metals: Cu, Ag, Au (IB) Zn, Cd, Hg (IIB) Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Pt • other metals: Al, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi

  9. Memorize: 1)classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements • symbols are derived from Latin names of elements H = Hydrogenium = hydrogen Na = Natrium = sodium Ag = Argentum = silver (Ar = Argon)

  10. Memorize: 1)classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements 3) Latin names of elements • symbols of elements • used in naming of some compounds • used in medicine

  11. Important suffixes

  12. Memorize: 1)classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements 3) Latin names of elements 4) names of common cations and anions • naming inorganic compounds is based on the names

  13. Names of CATIONS • one oxidation state name of the cation = name of the element • H, Li, Na, K, Ag +I • Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn +II • B, Al +III see position of the elements in the Periodic table

  14. The figure is found at http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif(September 2007)

  15. Names of CATIONS • two oxidation states root of Latin name + two suffixes: • lower oxidation state: -ous • higher oxidation state: -ic • Cu, Hg both found in oxidat. states:+I/+II • Fe, Co +II/+III • Sn, Pb +II/+IV

  16. Names of ANIONS • one oxidation state a) root of Latin name + suffix: -ide • halogen → halide F, Cl, Br, I -I • hydrogen → hydride H -I • oxygen → oxide O -II • sulfur → sulfide S -II • hydroxide OH -1 • cyanide CN -1

  17. Names of ANIONS • one oxidation state b) root of Latin name + suffix: -ate • carbonate CO3-2CIV • silicate SiO3-2SiIV • chromate CrO4-2CrVI • borate BO4-3BIII oxidation state of oxygen in anions is always –II (exception: in peroxides = -I)

  18. Names of ANIONS • two oxidation states root of Latin name + two suffixes: • lower oxidative state: -ite • higher oxidative state: -ate • nitrite / nitrate NO2-/NO3-N+III/+V • phosphite/phosphate PO3-3/PO4-3 P+III/+V • sulfite / sulfate SO3-2/SO4-2S+IV/+VI • selenite/selenate SeO3-2/SeO4-2Se+IV/+VI

  19. Names of ANIONS • more oxidative states root of Latin name + prefixes and suffixes: • the lovest oxidative state: hypo- -ite • lower oxidative state: -ite • higher oxidative state: -ate • the highest oxidative state: hyper- -ate • Cl, Br, I, Mn (hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate)

  20. Name of a compound = name of cation + name of anion NaCl = sodium chloride KOH = potassium hydroxide

  21. Memorize: 1)classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements 3) Latin names of elements 4) names of common cations and anions 5) common names of selected compounds = trivial names

  22. Compounds called by their common names • H2O water H3O+ hydronium • NH3 ammonia NH4+ ammonium • NO nitric oxide • NaCl salt • HCO3- bicarbonate

  23. Types of compounds • ionic compounds are composed of: cation and anion • cation is positively charged • anion is negatively charged • naming the compounds:cation name + anion name molecule: its total charge is ZERO

  24. Types of compounds • OXIDES • „cation oxide“ • anion: O-II • cation: • nonmetal: Greek prefixes • metal: -ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS) (OS) = oxidation state in the parentheses

  25. The figure is found at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/periodic_table.gif (September 2007)

  26. Types of compounds • OXIDES • CO carbon monoxide • CO2 carbon dioxide • CaO calcium oxide • Al2O3 aluminium oxide • PbO lead(II) oxideor plumbous oxide • PbO2 lead(IV) oxideor plumbic oxide

  27. Types of compounds • PEROXIDES • „cation peroxide“ • anion: O2-I (-O-O-) • cation: element name H2O2 hydrogen peroxide BaO2 barium peroxide

  28. Types of compounds • HYDROXIDES • „cation hydroxide“ • anion: OH-1 • cation: • metal: -ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS) (OS) = oxidation state in the parentheses

  29. Types of compounds • HYDROXIDES • KOH potassium hydroxide • Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide • Fe(OH)2 iron(II) hydroxide or ferrous hydroxide • Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxideor ferric hydroxide

  30. Types of compounds ACIDS • cation = H+ • anion: monoatomic or polyatomic • hydro- ......... –ic acid → -id • –ic acid → –ate • –ous acid → -ite • oxygen free acids:HnX • oxo acids:HnXOn n = 1, 2, 3, ... X = mostly nonmetal

  31. Types of compounds • OXYGEN FREE ACIDS • „hydro.....-ic acid“ • anion: F-I , Cl-I , Br-I , l-I, S-II, CN-1 • cation: H+ HF = hydrofluoric acid HCN = hydrocyanic acid

  32. Types of compounds • salts of OXYGEN FREE ACIDS • „cation.....-ide“ (= cation anion) • anion: F-I , Cl-I , Br-I , l-I, S-II, CN-1 • cation: monoatomic or polyatomic NaCl = sodium chloride NH4Cl = ammonium chloride

  33. Types of compounds • OXO ACIDS • the name is based on the name of its anion: • –ous acid → -ite • –ic acid → -ate H2SO3 sulfurousacid→ anion: SO32- = sulfite H2SO4 sulfuricacid→ anion: SO42- = sulfate H2CO3 carbonicacid→ anion: CO32- = carbonate • anion: polyatomic (central atom = nonmetal) • cation: H+

  34. Acid forming elements BIII, CIV, SiIV(-ic -ate) NIII/V, PIII/V, AsIII/V, SbIII/V, SIV/VI, SeIV/VI(-ous -ite,-ic -ate) MnIV/VI/VII (-ite, -ate, per-...-ate) Cl, Br, II/III/V/VII(hypo-...-ite, -ite, -ate, per-...-ate)

  35. Types of compounds • salts of OXO ACIDS • „cation anion“ • cation: monoatomic or polyatomic -ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS) • anion: polyatomic FeSO4 = ferroussulfate or iron(II)sulfate Fe2(SO4)3 = ferricsulfate or iron(III)sulfate

  36. Types of compounds • double salts of ACIDS • „cation1 cation2 anion“or • „cation anion1 anion2“ • cation: monoatomic or polyatomic -ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS) • anion: monoatomic or polyatomic • increasing oxidative state, alphabetical order

  37. Types of compounds • double salts of ACIDS • „cation1 cation2 anion“ KMgF3 potassium magnesium fluoride KLiSO4 potassium lithium sulfate Total charge of molecule is ZERO

  38. Types of compounds • double salts of ACIDS • „cation anion1 anion2“ CaCl(ClO) calcium chloride hypochlorite Cu3(CO3)2F2 copper(II) carbonate fluoride Total charge of molecule is ZERO

  39. Types of compounds • acid salts of ACIDS • „cation hydrogen anion“ KH2PO4 potassium dihydrogen phosphate K2HPO4 (di)potassium hydrogen phosphate K3PO4 (tri)potassium phosphate (not acidic) NH4HCO3 ammonium hydrogen carbonate Ca(HS)2 calcium hydrogen sulfide

  40. Types of compounds • basic salts of ACIDS • „cation hydroxy anion“ Mg(OH)Cl magnesium hydroxychloride Sb(OH)2(NO3) antimony(III) dihydroxynitrate Total charge of molecule is ZERO

  41. Types of compounds • HYDRATES OF SALTS • „cation anion multiple hydrate“ MgCl2 . 6H2O magnesium chloride hexahydrate CaHPO4 . 2H2O calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate

  42. Types of compounds • THIOACIDS AND THIOSALTS • „thio.... acid“ H2S2O3 thiosulfuric acid (H2SO4 = sulfuric acid) HSCN thiocyanic acid (HOCN = cyanic acid) • „cation thio....anion“ K2S2O3 potassium thiosulfate KSCN potassium thiocyanate

  43. Types of compounds • POLYACIDS AND SALTS • „multiple.... acid“ H2B4O7tetraboric acid H2Cr2O7dichromic acid • „cation multiple....anion“ Na2B4O7 sodium tetraborate K2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate

  44. Keep in mind the rules: • names of compounds are derived from the names of cations, anions and polyatomic ions: cation anion (NaCl = sodium chloride) • all binary compounds end in –ideCaO, H2O2, NaCl, HF, ZnS • binary compounds composed of two nonmetals: Greek prefixesSO2, N2O5, CO

  45. Keep in mind the rules: • binary compounds composed of metal ion with fixed or variable oxidation numbers and nonmetal ion: no Greek prefixes a) -ous / -ic suffix system b) Stock system (prefered) CuCl2, CuCl, Fe2O3, FeO

  46. Keep in mind the rules: • ternary compounds: • hydrogen cation H+ (= acid) or metal cation (= salt or hydroxide) (fixed or variable oxidation number) • and a polyatomic anion (e.g. SO42- or OH1-) H2SO4 Na2SO4 NaOH Total charge of a molecule = 0

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