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Naming Inorganic Compounds

Naming Inorganic Compounds. There are 3 main types of Bonding. 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Metallic. Each Type of Bonding deals with a different combination of elements. 1. Ionic: Metal + Nonmetal 2. Covalent: Nonmetal + Nonmetal 3. Metallic: Metal + Metal. (. ). Name of Metal.

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Naming Inorganic Compounds

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  1. Naming Inorganic Compounds

  2. There are 3 main types of Bonding 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Metallic

  3. Each Type of Bonding deals with a different combination of elements 1. Ionic: Metal + Nonmetal 2. Covalent: Nonmetal + Nonmetal 3. Metallic: Metal + Metal

  4. ( ) Name of Metal Root of Non-metal -ide Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals • The metal will take its positive oxidation number and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number. • Only one compound can be formed

  5. Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals • Example 1: Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce Na2O, what is the name of this compound • Since there is only one possible compound, we do not have to indicate the number of elements sodium oxide

  6. Al O Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals • Example 2: What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide • First write the symbols of the elements • Next write the oxidation number of each element above that element • Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce 3 -2 2

  7. Comprehension Check • What is the name of Mg3N2? • magnesium nitride • What is the name of Li2Se? • lithium selenide • What is the formula for indium chloride? • InCl3 • What is the formula for potassium phosphide? • K3P

  8. ( ) ( ) Name of Metal Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeral Root of Non-metal -ide Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals • The metal will take one of its positive oxidation numbers and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number. • Since the metal has more than one possible oxidation number, multiple compounds can be formed • We need a distinct name for each

  9. Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals • Example 1: What is the name of IrBr6? • First we need to determine how many electrons that iridium needs to lose in order to satisfy 6 bromine atoms. • Each bromine needs one electron • There is only one iridium in this compound • Therefore, the iridium atom will have to supply all six electrons, giving it a +6 oxidation number. iridium(VI) bromide

  10. Hg N Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals • Example 2: What is the formula for mercury(II) nitride? • First write the symbols of the elements • Next write the oxidation number of each element above that element • Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce 2 -3 3

  11. Comprehension Check • What is the name of RuN? • ruthenium(III) nitride • What is the name of MnO3 • manganese(VI) oxide • What is the formula for paladium(IV) bromide? • PdBr4 • What is the formula for molybdenum(V) sulfide? • Mo2S5

  12. Ionic Rule 3: Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions – strongly bound group of atoms that have either lost or gained electrons and become charged. • List of common Polyatomic Ions are on the back of your Periodic Table • Polyatomic ions act as a single atom, with a single name • Subscripts within the ion cannot be changed • Since there is only one oxidation number for the metals and Polyatomic Ion, only one compound can be produced.

  13. ( ) Name of Metal Name of Polyatomic Ion Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • Naming these compounds is just like rule 1, except we do not add –ide to the end of the polyatomic ion

  14. Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the name of Mg(NO3)2 • First, you should recognize that there are more than two elements involved, which means that a Polyatomic Ion is involved • Next, look up the Metal in the periodic table and confirm that it has a single oxidation number • Look up the name of the Polyatomic Ion magnesium nitrate

  15. Ca IO2 Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the formula for calcium iodite? • First, since the second name does not end in –ide, a polyatomic ion is involved. • Write the symbol for calcium and formula for iodite. • Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the polyatomic ion • Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the polyatomic ion if necessary 2 -1 1 ( )

  16. Comprehension Check • What is the name of KHSO4? • potassium hydrogen sulfate • potassium bisulfate • What is the name of In2(C2O4)3? • indium oxalate • What is the formula of strontium bromate? • Sr(BrO3)2 • What is the formula for germanium phosphate? • Ge3(PO4)4

  17. ( ) Name of Metal Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeral Name of Polyatomic Ion Ionic Rule 4: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions • When the metal has more than one possible oxidation number, more than one compound can be formed • We must use Roman Numerals to indicate which oxidation number the metal is using

  18. Ionic Rule 4 : Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the name of RhSO4? • First, there are more than two elements involved • Look up the oxidation and name of SO4 • Sulfate (-2) • Finally, figure out which oxidation number the metal is using. • There is only one rhodium, so it must account for all of the electrons & would have to take a +2 oxidation number rhodium (II) sulfate

  19. Ni Fe(CN)6 Ionic Rule 4 : Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the formula for nickel(II) ferrocyanide? • First, since the second name does not end in -ide, a polyatomic ion is involved • Write the symbol for nickel and formula for ferrocyanide • Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the polyatomic ion • Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the polyatomic ion if necessary and reduce 2 -4 4 ( ) 2

  20. Comprehension Check • What is the name of Cr(IO)3? • chromium(III) hypoiodite • What is the name of CuMnO4? • copper(II) manganate or copper(I) permanganate • What is the formula for palladium(IV) ferricyanide? • Pd3(Fe(CN)6)4 • What is the formula for molybdenum(VI) dichormate? • Mo(Cr2O7)3

  21. Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals • Since nonmetals have more than one oxidation number, there will always be more than one compound produced • Therefore we have to have a distinct name for each compound • To do this we use a prefix to indicate how many atoms of each element are present Five – penta- Six – hexa- Seven – hepta- Eight – octa- One – mono- Two – di- Three – tri- Four – tetra- Nine – nona Ten – deca

  22. Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals • Using prefixes • The prefix mono- is only used on the second element • Ex: PF3 is named phosphorus trifluoride • If two vowels are adjacent, leave them • Ex: NI3 is named nitrogen triiodide • In the case of monoxide only, drop one “o”

  23. Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals • Ex 1: What is the name of P2S3? • diphosphorus trisulfide • Ex 2: What is the name of As7I3? • heptaarsenic triiodide • Ex 3: What is the chemical formula of dihydrogen monoxide? • H2O • Ex 4: What is the chemical formula of dinitrogen pentaoxide? • N2O5

  24. ( ) Root of Non-metal acid -ic Hydro- Rule 1: Binary Acids • Acid – any compound that is capable of giving up a positive hydrogen ion (proton) • Strength of acid depends on how easily the hydrogen ion is released • Anytime a compound starts with H, the compound is typically an acid • Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are noteworthy exceptions

  25. Rule 1: Binary Acids • Ex 1: What is the name of HCl? • Since the compound starts with H, it is probably an acid. • Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the word acid hydrochloric acid

  26. Comprehension Check • What is the name of HAt? • hydroastatic acid • What is the name of HBr? • hydrobromic acid • What is the formula for hydroiodic acid? • HI • What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid? • HF

  27. ( ) Root of Polyatomic Ion acid -ic ( ) Root of Polyatomic Ion -ous acid Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Identifying Polyatomic Acids • Formula will start with H • Has three or more elements • Naming depends on the ending of the Polyatomic Ion • Ions ending in -ate or -ide • Ions ending in -ite

  28. Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 1: What is the name of H3PO4? • First, notice that since the compound starts with H, we are dealing with an acid • Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion • Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion • Since phosphate ends in -ate, change the suffix to -ic and add the word “acid.” phosphoric acid

  29. Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 2: What is the name of H3PO3? • First, notice that since the compound starts with H, we are dealing with an acid • Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion • Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion • Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix to -ous and add the word “acid.” phosphorous acid

  30. H AlO3 Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 3: What is the formula for aluminic acid? • Since there is no hydro prefix, we know that this must be a polyatomic acid. • Next, the -ic ending means that the ion must really end in -ate • We must be looking of the aluminate ion • Because this is an acid, hydrogen will be involved • Write the symbols and oxidation numbers, switch the oxidation numbers, and reduce. 1 3 -3

  31. Comprehension Check • What is the formula for manganic acid? • H2MnO4 • What is the formula for sulfurous acid? • H2SO3 • What is the name of HNO2? • nitrous acid • What is the name of HNO3? • nitric acid

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