The Road to War

1. The Road to War Hitler’s Rise to Power

2. Learning Goals • By the end of this lesson I will know how the various articles of the Treaty of Versailles had devastating implications for the German population. • By the end of this lesson I will understand the process of hyperinflation and how it impacted the German population. • By the end of this lesson I will know what forces allowed Hitler to seize power in Germany during the 1930s.

3. Economy under the Weimar Republic • Hyperinflation

7. Causes of Hyperinflation • Paid for the war with loaned money • Their central bank was funded almost exclusively with government IOU’s • The reparations demanded by the Treaty of Versailles • Borrowed money from international powers • The overproduction of German currency. • To continue to maintain their economic system they printed more money to be exchanged and used internationally • The dramatic fall of the German Mark • As they printed more money, its value plummeted, both at home and abroad.

8. The Effects of Hyperinflation

9. The Price Climbs 444,000$

10. 1,120,000$

11. 2,800,000$

12. 560,000$

13. Necessities 67,200$

14. 3,337,600,000$

15. 100,800,000,000.00$

16. The Effects of Hyperinflation

17. The Effects on the German Population • From a woman who worked in a Christian Centre, helping the poor. The widow of a policeman was left with four children. She had been awarded three months of her late husband’s salary. By the time she received it the amount was only enough to buy three boxes of matches.

18. The Effects on the German Population • The memories of a German writer. One day I dropped into a café to have a coffee. As I went in I noticed the price was 5,000 marks – just about what I had in my pocket. I sat down, read my paper, drank my coffee, and spent altogether about one hour in the café, and then asked for the bill. The waiter duly presented me with a bill for 8,000 marks. ‘Why 8,000 marks?’ I asked. The mark had dropped in the meantime, I was told. So I gave the waiter all the money I had, and he was generous enough to leave it at that.

19. The Effects on the German Population • The German Health Minister, February 1923 This shocking decline in health conditions applies to the whole of Germany. In the country areas where farmers can feed themselves, conditions seem to be better. But in the towns…there has been a decided decline. Especially hard hit are the middle class, those living on small sums given annually, the widows and the pensioners who, with their modest incomes, cannot afford today’s prices…Death rates are rising…as are deaths from hunger.

20. Salt in the Wound • The Treaty of Versailles • The Occupation of the Ruhr • Demanding the repaying of debts after the Great Depression.

21. An Unfair Treaty • Imagine the following scenario…

22. Article 227 • Your quarterback will be kicked off the team and kicked out of the school and be considered an ineffective player.

23. Article 231 • You will publically admit to losing the game in front of both schools and you will be responsible for paying for the other teams transport to the game, transport home, equipment, celebratory party, etc.

24. Part V • You must promise not to form a full football team, must limit to special teams only, and you can only let grade 9’s try-out.

25. Part V • You will not be able to use your usual equipment, you must get all your equipment from goodwill or make it yourselves using specified materials. You must not borrow any equipment from any other team.

26. Part V • You will lose three quarters of your football field that is to be split up between St. Mary’s, Resurrection and St. Benedict’s. They may use the field for whatever purposes they see fit.

27. Reparations • Lastly, you will be required to pay the other schools in the city for even having to play you. You will take this money from whatever parts of the school you need to…but you will pay it. Otherwise the other schools will occupy your school and take your computers, textbooks, teachers, food, sports equipment, etc. until they feel the debt has been paid.

28. To make matters worse • Now imagine on top of all of these things you lose your part-time job, people keep posting on facebook about your loss, you get sick and have to miss classes, and your history teacher gives you a test that you miss…

29. Reactions • How would this make you feel? • What parts of this seem unfair? • How would you respond or react to these events? • What is the purpose of this treaty….and how does it satisfy it?

30. Treaty of Versailles • War Guilt Clause

31. Treaty of Versailles • Reparations • Germany must pay reparations to the allied countries in the amount of 226 billion ℳ or 31.4 billion U.S. $ (the equivalent of $442 billion dollars today.

32. Territory

33. Territory • German loses a lot of their territory • but most importantly, the Rhine region including Alsace and Lorraine as well as Prussia and Czechoslovakia. • Germany had to hand over some 70,000 square kilometres of land.

34. War Criminal • German Emperor Wilhelm II is to be charged as war criminal

35. Reduced Military • German forces are ordered to be reduced to only 100,000 troops and tanks, ships and planes are virtually eliminated. • The German army was to have no more than 100,000 men and the navy was limited to 15,000 sailors.

36. Major Articles of Versailles • Germany must admit guilt in WWI • German Emperor Wilhelm II is to be charged as war criminal • German loses a lot of their territory • but most importantly, the Rhine region including Alsace and Lorraine as well as Prussia and Czechoslovakia. • German forces are ordered to be reduced to only 100,000 troops and tanks, ships and planes are virtually eliminated. • Germany must pay reparations to the allied countries in the amount of 226 billion ℳ or 31.4 billion U.S. $ (the equivalent of $442 billion dollars today.

37. Stage is Set • Why did Germany suffer so much during the 1920s and 1930s? • What were the main causes of inflation in Germany in the 1930s? • What were three articles of the Treaty of Versailles • Based on our football scenario….what was the attitude of most Germans at the time.

40. Hitler Seizes Power • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syI_B8a5IV4&feature=related

41. Quotes to think about • “Hitler did not rally the Germans as much as the Germans elevated Hitler” • “The Germans were the first victims of Hitler.”