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The Road To War

The Road To War. By Mr. Sims. League of Nations. Purpose: Eliminate international anarchy Prevent war by settling disputes peacefully Solve economic & social problems through compensation. League of Nations. Failures: Halt the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931)

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The Road To War

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  1. The Road To War By Mr. Sims

  2. League of Nations • Purpose: • Eliminate international anarchy • Prevent war by settling disputes peacefully • Solve economic & social problems through compensation

  3. League of Nations • Failures: • Halt the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931) • Halt the Italian conquest of Ethiopia (1931) • Prevent German rearmament

  4. U.S. Foreign Policy 1919-1939 • Supported certain activities of the League, but DID NOT join the League • Joined naval disarmament to help contribute to world peace • Signed Washington Conference and Kellogg Briand Pact • The US followed a policy of ISOLATIONISM

  5. Isolation • Refused to join the world court and the League • Discouraged trade by raising tariffs • Adapted neutrality legislation

  6. War Debts • US took a role as a creditor nation after World War I • It emphasized seeking debt payments and reparations from other nations

  7. Washington Conference Treaties • Four-Power Treaty • Nine-Power Treaty • Five-Power Naval Treaty

  8. Recognizing Russia • US would not recognize Russia as the Soviet Union at first (Russia refused to pay war debts; they preached a world revolution with communism) • In 1933 US recognized Soviet Union to increase trade needs and to stop the encouragement of communism in the US

  9. Good Neighbor Policy • A policy of mutual respect between the US and Latin America • US cancels the Platt Amendment (The right for the US to intervene in Cuba) • US gave up the right to intervene in Panama • US pulled Marines out of Haiti

  10. US in the Economy • US companies increased their investments in banana, coffee, and sugar plantations in Central America and the Caribbean (United Fruit Company) • The governments of some countries existed mainly to serve the interests of these foreign companies

  11. Rise of Militarism & Fascism • Versailles Treaty – The Depression affected Germany so bad that their economy was in shambles; they couldn’t pay back debts • Fascist Party in Italy (military rule) takes over with Benito Mussolini as the dictator • Militarists seize power in Japan in 1931 • Nazi Party and their leader, Adolf Hitler, come to power with Hitler as a dictator

  12. Hitler and the Nazis • Hitler was able to arouse nationalistic feelings amongst the German people • Hitler and the Nazis blamed the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles and inferior races (Jews) for Germany’s economic problems • The Nazis believed they were the Aryan or superior race of people in the world

  13. Nazi Germany • Nazi’s controlled production, wages, hours, etc • Women were NOT allowed to work • Herman Goering controlled the economy and begins to rearm Germany for war breaking the Treaty of Versailles

  14. The Nazis in Power • Hitler becomes prime minister in 1933, the Weimar Republic ends here • Hitler abolishes democracy and becomes dictator • Secret police • One party rule – Nazi Party • Germany becomes a Totalitarian State

  15. Nazi Germany • Enabling Act 1933 – government has the power to rule by decree • Nuremberg Laws 1935 – Jewish origin cannot have sexual relations with Aryans • Propaganda – taught citizens the “evils” of democracy, promotes war-like attitude • Education – taught students about weapons, poisonous gases

  16. Night of Long Knives 1934 • Purge of all of Hitler’s opponents • 33 leaders killed in all • Every individual had to succumb to state • Hitler leaves the League and no longer resects disarmament

  17. Axis Aggression 1931-1939 • Germany, Italy, Japan (military) • Violated international peace agreements (Versailles, Washington Conference, Kellogg Briand Pact) • Withdrew from League • Joined to create Axis Powers

  18. Axis Aggression • Japan invades Manchuria in 1931-1932 • Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935 • Germany re-arms itself • Japan takes over coastal parts of China • Germany takes Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 • Italy takes Albania in 1939

  19. Munich Conference • Conference between Europe & Hitler • Hitler wanted the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to protect German citizens there • Hitler used the excuse of “living space” at this conference to get what he wanted • Europe APPEASES Hitler, drives Germany east towards Russia who begins to mobilize

  20. Non Aggression Pact • Warsaw Pact (Non aggression pact) – a 10 year agreement between Russia and Germany not to fight each other - Agreed to split up Poland - Prevented Germany from fighting a 2-front war * Pact broken in 1941 when Germany invades Russia

  21. Spanish Civil War • “Dress rehearsal” for World War II • Popular front was formed • Fascists, led by General Francisco Franco, takes over Spain (Allies neutral)

  22. US Neutrality Acts 1935, 1937, 1939 • Part of the “Quarantine Speech” • US can’t deal with aggressor nations • Prohibited the sale of war goods to nations at war • Prohibited loans to nations at war • Cash carry policy (1939) • Restricted US merchant ships into war zones

  23. Causes of World War II • Germany, Italy, and Japan became unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles; this lead to Totalitarian regimes in each of these countries • Russia was extremely distrustful of the Axis Powers • Appeasement (German expansion) • Allies were pacifists

  24. September 1939 • Germany invades Poland starting World War II • Poland falls in 3 weeks while Russia invades from East • Allied Powers = Britain & France • Allies prepare for an attack on France

  25. World War II • France invaded on May 10, 1940

  26. World War II • Blitzkrieg – “lightening war” • This German tactic was a rapid series of successful invasions that gave Hitler control over much of Western Europe

  27. Vichy France

  28. Winston Churchill

  29. Battle of Britain

  30. Battle of Britain

  31. Battle of Britain

  32. Battle of Britain

  33. Battle of Britain

  34. Battle of Britain • The Most Important Battle of World War 2 • The Battle of Britain was fought from July 10 to October 31, 1940 and was the first defeat for Hitler's forces.

  35. Battle of Britain

  36. US 1939 -1941 • US moves from isolation to active allied aid • US gave supplies to Britain • Repaired British ships • Froze Axis property • Imprisoned Italian & German sailors

  37. US Selective Service Act 1940 • All males from ages 21-36 had to register for the draft

  38. Destroyer-Naval Base Deal 1940 • Army and Navy gave all available weapons to private dealers for resale in Britain • *FDR elected to an unprecedented 3rd term

  39. US in 1941 • Passed the Lend Lease Act • Passed the Atlantic Charter

  40. US vs. Japan • Growing tensions between the two countries • Japan invades China and prohibits US activity there • US imposes sanctions on Japan to prevent them from expanding further • US demanded Japan withdraw from China & Indochina

  41. US vs. Japan • US pursued economic policies meant to discourage Japan from further aggression • Granted loans to China • Refused to export arms to Japan • Froze all Japanese assets in the US • Stopped exporting oil to Japan

  42. US vs. Japan • Because of these sanctions, Japan needed more material and territory • While Japanese diplomats negotiated with US diplomats the Japanese Empire, lead by Hideki Tojo, bombed Pearl Harbor (the American Navel Fleet in Hawaii) on December 7, 1941

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