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Surfactants & Formulations

Surfactants & Formulations. Kausar Ahmad Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, IIUM. Choice of surfactants. HLB PIT H/L numbering Water absorbing method Applicable for simple phase emulsions but not for complex phase materials. Normally based on trial and error. Characteristics of Emulsifiers.

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Surfactants & Formulations

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  1. Surfactants & Formulations Kausar Ahmad Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, IIUM Physical Pharmacy 2

  2. Choice of surfactants • HLB • PIT • H/L numbering • Water absorbing method • Applicable for simple phase emulsions but not for complex phase materials. • Normally based on trial and error Physical Pharmacy 2

  3. Characteristics of Emulsifiers • Combination of anionic and nonionic to give excellent emulsion stability and viscosity control • Examples of nonionicfatty acid monoglycerides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, sugar esters, derivatives of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers/fatty acid esters/sorbitan fatty acid esters/hydrogenated castor oil • Examples of anionicfatty acid soaps, fatty alcohol sulfates Physical Pharmacy 2

  4. Physical Pharmacy 2

  5. Surfactants in Cosmetics • Determine appearance, chemical & physical properties, usage and storage conditions • From soaps changed to nonionic surfactants – less toxic • Emulsifiers should satisfy the following: • No toxicity and skin irritation • Chemically and physically stable (expiry?) • Surfactants should not affect other ingredients – too many ingredients! Physical Pharmacy 2

  6. O/W COLD CREAM Stearic acid Liquid paraffin Vaseline Cetyl stearyl alcohol POE polyol f.a. esters Glycerine TEA Deionised water Methyl paraben perfume Formulation Examples of Creams and Ointments Physical Pharmacy 2

  7. Fats and oils Waxes Hydrocarbons Fatty acids Alcohols esters Requirement Low toxicity and skin irritation No harmful effect on dermo-physiology Physical and chemical stability No propagation of bacteria Cosmetic Bases Physical Pharmacy 2

  8. Surfactants AnionicPOE alkyl ether sulfate Amphotericimidazoline (low iritant) nonionic fatty acid alkalonamides Requirement Satisfactory cleansing power Easy rinsing – no scum Soft & good manageability Luster Low irritation to skin & eyes Shampoos Physical Pharmacy 2

  9. Preservativesbenzoic/salicylic acid Thickening agentscellulose Anti-oxidantBHT Ultraviolet rays absorbentbenzophenone Conditioning agentfats/oils, cationic surfactant Anti-dandruff agentselenium disulfide Opacifiermica,polystyrene Additives for Shampoo Physical Pharmacy 2

  10. Example of Shampoo Formulation Refer YOUR actual shampoo formulation! Physical Pharmacy 2

  11. Cream Rinse and Conditioner • Primary ingredient is cationic surfactant ca. 1-5%e.g. dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt;the longer the alkyl chain, the greater the softening effect (thick conditioner?) • E.g. of nonionicPOE sorbitan fatty acid ester Physical Pharmacy 2

  12. Ingredients other than surfactants • Fats & oils • Solvent and humectant • Thickener Physical Pharmacy 2

  13. Dentrifices • Pastesblended suspension of liquid paste thickened with binders • Gels • Powders • Liquids Physical Pharmacy 2

  14. Ingredients and Composition of Toothpaste Physical Pharmacy 2

  15. Surfactants in Toothpaste • Provide the expected foaming • Reduce surface tension • Penetrate and loosen surface deposits • Emulsify and suspend debris which toothpaste removes from surface of teeth • E.g sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonate Physical Pharmacy 2

  16. Exercise • Identify surfactants in • Hair shampoo • Mouth wash • What are their specific functions? Physical Pharmacy 2

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