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Ancient Sumer

Ancient Sumer. Geography. The World’s first civilization Sumer, developed in Mesopotamia “ land between the rivers.” Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumer was known for its rich soils and golden wheat fields. Flooding was a problem.

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Ancient Sumer

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  1. Ancient Sumer

  2. Geography • The World’s first civilization Sumer, developed in Mesopotamia “ land between the rivers.” • Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumer was known for its rich soils and golden wheat fields. • Flooding was a problem. • The Sumerians built dikes and irrigation ditches to water their fields and protect their homes.

  3. Civilization • The Sumerians used clay and water to build their cities. • Besides farming, trade was the main focus of their economy. • Trade goods have been found in places as far away as Egypt and India. • Within a few hundred years of its beginning, Sumer included at least 12 separate city-states.

  4. Each city-state had a single ruler who ran the city. • Social order-1.Ruling Family, 2.Leading Officials and Priests, 3.Scribes,Merchants, and artisans,4.Farmers,5. Slaves. • Women had less status than men but female gods were highly honored. • The Sumerians worshipped many gods and each city had a ziggurat, a big temple in the middle of the city.

  5. Writing • By 3200 B.C., Sumerians had invented cuneiform. • It grew out of pictographs used to record goods brought to temple storehouses. • As time went on, the Sumerians used it to record myths, prayers, laws, and business contracts. • Sumerian Scribes went through years of difficult schooling to acquire their skills.

  6. Legacy • Their accomplishments: • 1.Number system based on an hour being 60 minutes and a circle being 360 degrees. • 2.The beginnings of basic algebra and geometry. • 3.An accurate calendar • 4. Writing System and the wheel • 5.Eclipses of the Sun and Moon. • 6.Oldest Story-The Epic of Gilgamesh

  7. World Response • Why did the Egyptians place so much emphasis on the preparation for the afterlife? Give me your opinion. (1-2 paragraphs) • http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/main.html • What types of information about Ancient Egypt can we learn from colossal monuments such as the Steppe Pyramid or the Great Pyramid of Gaza? (1-2 paragraphs)

  8. The Old Kingdom 2575-2130 B.C. • The era of the Pyramids • The Pharaohs(kings) established a strong, centralized state. • The Pharaohs ruled by means of a bureaucracy. • The vizier was the Pharaohs chief minister and gave instructions to thousands of scribes. • Social Order: 1. Pharaoh 2. Nobles 3. Merchants and Scribes 4. Peasants (most of the population) • Crop Failures, Power struggles, and cost of building of the Pyramids brought an end to the Old Kingdom. • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/explore-ancient-egypt.html

  9. The Middle Kingdom 1938-1630 B.C. • An era of Chaos • Egypt had problems with food and nobles who wanted more power. • Egypt did end the privileges of nobles, expanded its borders, and established trade contacts with people outside of Egypt. • In 1700 B.C., Egypt was conquered by the Hyksos. • After 100 years of rule, the Egyptians drove out the Hyksos.

  10. Amon-Re “King of the Gods” • Sun God • Known as only Re in Old Kingdom. • Was called Amon Re in the Middle/New Kingdom. • Pharaohs received the right to rule from Amon Re

  11. Osiris and Isis • Ruled Egypt until he was killed by his brother Set. • His body was cut into pieces and tossed over Egypt. • His Wife Isis reassembled him and brought him back to life. • He became lord of the underworld.

  12. The Pharaoh Akhenaton • Egyptian Gods and their priests dominated Egyptian life until the reign of the Pharaoh Akhenaton. • Originally named Amenhotep IV, around 1380 B.C., he changed his name to Akhenaton and tired to force everyone to worship Aton, a minor god. • Temples to the others gods were closed and priests lost their positions. • However, after his death, Egypt returned to the old ways.

  13. How to prove yourself to Osiris • 1. Your soul is ferried across a lake of fire to the hall of Osiris. • 2. Your heart is weighed against the feather of truth. • 3. Osiris judges you. • Sinners-fed to crocodile-shaped Eater of the Dead • Worthy-enter the Happy Field of Food • To prepare for this ordeal, the Egyptians relied on the Book of the Dead.

  14. Preparing the Dead • The Egyptians believed the afterlife would be like life on Earth. • Result-they buried their dead everything they would need for eternity. • Mummification was a privilege that all Egyptians hoped to earn when they died.

  15. Egyptian Society/Culture

  16. ½ Response • What do you think was Ancient Egypt’s greatest accomplishment and why?

  17. The New Kingdom 1539-1075 B.C. • Egypt at the height of its power • Powerful rulers like Thutmose III and Ramses II expanded Egypt’s borders and made it a great empire. • Main rival was the Hittites with whom Egypt made the world’s first known peace treaty with in 1258 B.C. • Egypt slowly declined after 1100 B.C.and was conquered many times. • Last Egyptian rulers were replaced by the Greeks in 323 B.C. • The Romans officially ended Egyptian culture when they took over in 30 B.C.

  18. India and China • Both lands have had advanced civilizations that lasted for thousands of years. • Both lands represent Eastern Civilization (we are Western Civilization). • These lands have always had a larger population base. • The people have completely different outlooks on life then we do. • Both lands are growing economically today.

  19. Religions and Philosophies of India and China Foldable • I. Hinduism pg.76-78 (list 7 things) • II. Buddhism pg.79-82 (list 10 things) • III. Confucianism pg.96-98 (list 8 things) • IV. Daoism pg.98 (list 5 things) • Need five areas with the title page as named above.

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