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3.1 pgs 110-113 Civilization in Ancient Sumer

3.1 pgs 110-113 Civilization in Ancient Sumer. The Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent In the Middle East Crescent (think quarter moon) Includes Mesopotamia Greek for land between the Rivers (Tigris & Euphrates) From the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea

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3.1 pgs 110-113 Civilization in Ancient Sumer

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  1. 3.1 pgs 110-113Civilization in Ancient Sumer

  2. The Fertile Crescent • The Fertile Crescent • In the Middle East • Crescent (think quarter moon) • Includes Mesopotamia • Greek for land between the Rivers (Tigris & Euphrates) • From the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea • This is where the 1st civilization began - Sumer

  3. The Fertile Crescent • Agriculture in Mesopotamia • The land is very fertile • The most fertile in the Fertile Crescent is Mesopotamia • Grew many grains and vegetable • Raised sheep goats and cattle

  4. The Fertile Crescent • Geography of Mesopotamia • To the north (Taurus)and east (Zagros) are mountains • To the south the foothills of the mountains become flat plains • Much of the south is desert • The soil is rich because the Tigris and Euphrates flood and fill the land with silt • The floods also bring dangers and can wash away homes and farms

  5. The Fertile Crescent • Farming the land • Despite the challenges technology and hard work made the land productive • Irrigation – watered the crops after the floods were gone during the hot dry summer • Planting technology that planted seeds as they plowed

  6. City-States of Sumer • Better farming produced SURPLUS • Villages turned into cities • Cities Emerge • Cities like Uruk, Lagash, Nippur and Ur • Who do know that was from Ur? • These are the 1st city-states • Each had its own government, laws and main god/goddess

  7. City-States of Sumer • Trade • Each city was a center for trade • Some things they needed, like wood and metals had to be traded for • People used the barter system meaning they exchanged goods for goods – NO MONEY • Used rivers as their highways and pulled barges along the rivers • Trade also used new technology to make trade easier • Wheels on carts • Sails on boats

  8. City-States of Sumer • Social Classes • 3 distinct classes • Each had roles in society • Upper class – rulers and his top officials, priests, the richest merchants, and the largest land owners • Farmers and skilled workers in the middle • The lowest was mostly slaves • Religious beliefs and laws confirmed the social order

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