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Public Private Partnership: an effective mechanism for better service delivery? Education. Harry Anthony Patrinos. Financing and Provision. Four Types of Contracting. Private management of public schools Government contracting with private schools for delivery of education services
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Public Private Partnership: an effective mechanism for better service delivery?Education Harry Anthony Patrinos
Four Types of Contracting • Private management of public schools • Government contracting with private schools for delivery of education services • Public private partnerships for infrastructure • Private sector administrative and curriculum support
Private Management • Relatively recent • Public contracts private to operate schools • Schools remain free • Tends to be used in disadvantaged areas
Performance of Fe y Alegria Swope and Latorre 2000
Vouchers: Colombia • Targeted secondary school voucher • Established 1991, reached 100,000+ students in 5 years • Effectively targeted poorest, little leakage • Increase in attendance • 1992-1994: 35 % per year • 1994-1996: 6% per year • Cost savings
Colombia Vouchers: Results • Voucher recipients completed more schooling; much of this is due to reduced grade repetition • Recipients more likely to take college entrance exam (5-7 pts), graduate high school; suggests additional learning and lasting benefits • Estimates show a strong treatment effect
Pakistan Girls’ Fellowship Scheme • Constraints to public financing • Insufficient school supply • Quetta Urban Girls’ Fellowship Scheme 1995 • pilot to expand access through private schools for girls • declining subsidy to private institutions for 3 years • allowed to enroll boys, but no subsidy for boys • partnership between parents and private operators
Pakistan Fellowship Impact • Impact evaluation experimental design • Girls’ enrollment increased by 33% • Boys’ enrollment increased by 27.5% Kim, Alderman, Orazem 1999
PPPs for Infrastructure • Increasing for infrastructure in education • Characteristics: • private invest infrastructure, provide non-core services • government retains responsibility for delivery of core services • Government/private governed by long-term contracts, 25-30 years • contracts specify services private to deliver & standards to be met • bundle: finance, design, building, maintenance, employment non-core staff • payments contingent upon operator delivering to agreed standard
Private Finance Initiative • PFI in UK is largest PPP: 121 education deals signed; £2.9 billion • 33 PFIs in Higher Education; £630 million • Examples • Nottingham Trent University: creation of 5 storey, 158 bed hotel, with gym, univ. land • Oxford Brookes University: funding, design, construction, management 750 bedrooms • University of Hertfordshire: 1,600 new en-suite units of student accommodation • Royal Northern College of Music: construct new student accommodation
Higher Education PPPs: Mexico • Proyecto Prestacion de Servicios (PPS), based on UK’s PFI • Construction & development of social infrastructure by private initiative • Education, Health, Transport • Education: Universidad de San Luis Potosi (plus 7 more), 2005
Private Schools • Evidence • Studies have focused on superior performance vis-à-vis public schools: In India private schools are twice as cost-advantageous as private schools. In terms of learning there is achievement advantage in mathematics but not in reading. They produce same level of numeracy as public schools at only 44% of the cost (Kingdon 2005). • Problem • Often studies not able to control for selection (identification) • Little research on private schools that serve the poor
Knowledge Base Vouchers • Targeted programs work • But more evaluations – esp. of universal programs – is needed Charters • Of the few studies that exist, show positive impact • Documentation of variants, and impact studies PFIs • Cost-effectiveness studies (infrastructure) • Impact evaluations of operational content Private schools • Research has focused on comparison with public schools • Need more on what makes private schools – esp. those that serve the poor – perform better • What is role of external finance or public support?