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Essential Principles of Environmental Sampling and Contamination Control

This lecture emphasizes key considerations in environmental sampling, including sample size and quantity based on detection limits and required spatial resolution. It discusses the importance of government monitoring versus research into contaminant behavior. The presentation covers contamination control, the need for quality control (QC) at every analytical step, and methods to identify and reduce contamination sources. Additionally, it highlights the significance of extraction efficiency and the use of 'spike and recovery' experiments to ensure accurate measurement of contaminants in various matrices.

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Essential Principles of Environmental Sampling and Contamination Control

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  1. CHM 410/1410Lecture 2EnvironmentalSampling

  2. Environmental sampling • Two things to consider: • Size of the samples required • Number of samples required • Size is determined by detection limits • Do you mind non-detects? • Government monitoring programs vs. research into contaminant disposition

  3. Environmental sampling • Two things to consider: • Size of the samples required • Number of samples required • Size is determined by detection limits • Do you mind non-detects? • Government monitoring programs vs. research into contaminant disposition Number is determined by spatial resolution required • Trying to see differences? • How well characterized does the situation have to be? Use these principles to design a sampling protocol

  4. Extraction Analysis Field blanks Extraction blanks Instrumental blanks Quality Control(QC) Contamination – an analytical chemist’s worst enemy Need to control and understand contamination at all steps: Sampling Find Contamination – work backwards to identify the source • Once source is identified, make changes to reduce contamination • Change sampling technique or container • New extraction reagents or location or technique • Clean instrument

  5. Quality Control(QC) Extraction efficiency – need to understand loss of material during extraction This is done using a Spike and Recovery experiment Add chemical of interest “Spike” Extraction Conc in extract Extraction efficiency X 100 = Conc in spike “Clean” Matrix Extract 5 83% X 100 = 6

  6. What if you can’t find a “clean” matrix?

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