1. Responsible Conduct in Research PEER REVIEW

2. Introduction The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) supports several programs designed to promote education and training in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) that covers the following nine instructional areas: • Data Acquisition, Management, Sharing and Ownership • Conflict of Interest and Commitment • Human Subjects • Animal Welfare • Research Misconduct • Publication Practices and Responsible Authorship • Mentor / Trainee Responsibilities • Peer Review • Collaborative Science Also included and important is the financial management of the grant funds and the appropriate charging of research expenses. Education in responsible conduct is essential because unethical or compromised behaviors on the part of researchers lead the public to lose trust in the research community. When trust is lost, credibility is lost. When credibility is lost, the opportunity to improve human well-being and protect the environmental is lost. When belief that science can make a difference is lost, funding for research is lost. The America Competes Act states that any graduate student, undergraduate student or postdoctoral associate who receives support from a federal award MUST have instruction in the Responsible Conduct of Research.

3. Research Misconduct • Research Misconduct – The Office of Science and Technology (OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President has issued a definition of misconduct that applies to all agencies and recipients of federal funds. • NSF and PHS (Public Health Service - including NIH) have implemented this policy. • Research Misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification or plagiarism in proposing, performing or reviewing research or in reporting research results. • Fabrication – is making up data or results and recording or reporting them. • Falsification – is manipulating research materials, equipment or processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. • Plagiarism – is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit. This includes taking another’s proposal ideas during the review of their proposal. • It does not include honest error or differences of opinion!

4. Peer ReviewVideo case Study and some questions to ponder Click on black rectangle to view case study Video courtesy of Office of Research Integrity • How would you handle this situation if you were asked to review the paper? • Think of some appropriate ways to handle this situation. • Would you review it anyway or be honest with the publisher?

5. Peer Review Tool • http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/PeerReview/index.html • This software "Peer Review Tool - Data Analysis" is intended to enhance the analytic skills and competency of peer reviewers to judge the appropriateness of statistical reporting and to avoid common statistical mistakes, thus improving the quality of the peer review process. Though the peer reviewers of journal articles are the primary audience, the Tool can also be a statistical tool for any level of researchers, as well as graduate students who are embarking on a research path. Administrators, clinical staff, post-docs, and other personnel who are involved with research can also benefit from the Tool. The topics of this Tool include six most common statistical procedures: • logistic regression • linear regression • factorial analysis of variance • analysis of covariance • repeated analysis of variance • multivariate analysis of variance. • Courtesy of the University of Maryland

6. Resources • http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_peer_review.shtml • Resources on publication practices and responsible authorship is available from Office of Research Integrity website. • Test your knowledge • Go to http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/niu_peerreview/index.htm And test your knowledge in each of the categories • University of New Hampshire - http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/unh_round1/www.unh.edu/rcr/PeerReview-Title.htm

7. I certify that I have completed the rcr Training Module on Responsible Conduct in Research Peer Review Date Print Name Please print out sign and return to Grants and Compliance Office Click to Print Certificate of Completion Signature