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New Sources of Political Order

New Sources of Political Order. The Beginnings of the HRE. East Francia Prominence of dukes Drang nach Osten New lands, source of wealth Silver mines: Otto I Use of mercenaries Church officials as a source of royal support

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New Sources of Political Order

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  1. New Sources of Political Order

  2. The Beginnings of the HRE • East Francia • Prominence of dukes • DrangnachOsten • New lands, source of wealth • Silver mines: Otto I • Use of mercenaries • Church officials as a source of royal support • Otto I crowned by John XII in 962: Official beginning of Holy Roman Empire • Kings/Emperors: • Conrad I (911-919) • Henry the Fowler (919-936) • Otto I (936-973) • Otto II (973-983) • Marriage to Theophano, Byzantine princess • Otto III (982-1000) • Henry II (1002-1024) • Expansion of ecclesiastical fiefs • Conrad II (1024-1039) • ministeriales • Henry III (1039-1056) • “Imperium” takes on new meaning

  3. German Empire: from the study guide Terms: • Henry the Fowler • Ottoniankings, especially Otto I "the Great" • translatioimperii • OttonianRenaissance • Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim • Saliandynasty • Ministeriales Questions: • What exactly is meant by the term "Germany" at the beginning of this period? • What was the nature of the relationship that German monarchs developed with the church (and with church officials), and why and how did this develop? • What was the guiding myth for the Germanic empire? How and when did the term "empire" come to develop a new meaning, and what is the significance of the change? • What were some of the Ottonians’ accomplishments in enhancing the German empire’s intellectual life? How in particular did artworks of this time reinforce the monarchy's image of itself?

  4. German Empire: Maps

  5. The Accession of Henry II • Henry II, who eventually succeeded to the throne despite rival claimants, was later canonized as a saint. His own father, Henry, had rebelled against Otto III. How does Thietmar establish the legitimacy of Henry's election in his text?

  6. Capetian France • Initial weakness • Control over royal domain • Principle of hereditary rather than elective monarchy • Strategic marriages • Eleanor of Aquitaine to Louis VII Kings: • Hugh Capet (987-996) • Robert II (996-1031) • Henry I (1031-1060) • Philip I (1060-1108) • Louis VI “the Fat” (1108-1137) • Louis VII (1137-1180)

  7. Anglo-Normal Realm • Alfred the Great’s Anglo-Saxon monarchy • Declared king over English • Law code • Revival of learning • Navy • Conversion of Vikings • Shires and hundreds: administrative units • Alfred (871-899) • Edgar (959-975) • Canute (1016-1035) • Emperor of the Northern Seas • Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) Question: • What were some of Alfred the Great's accomplishments in enhancing England's intellectual life?

  8. The Norman Conquest: from the study guide Questions: • What course of action did William I pursue when he took over the English crown, and why did he choose as he did? • How did William's handling of the land affect the future of England? Terms: • Canute • Battle of Hastings; William of Normandy; Harold Godwinson • Exchequer Questions on Sources: • For plate 5.5, how do the respective positions and body language of the two men communicate their relationship, according to the sponsor of the tapestry? • For source 5.13, this is hardly compelling reading, yet as a source for the period it is pure gold. What does this excerpt tell you about the kinds of individuals that held property, and the kinds of property they held? What does it tell you about financial obligations among these individuals?

  9. William the Conqueror • Method of infeudation • Scattered fiefs • Virtually no subinfeudation • Significant royal demesne • Relationship with church • “Agreement” with pope • Control over clerical appointments • Donations of land • Treatment of conquered Anglo-Saxons • Norman French replaced Old English • Elites completely displaced • DomesdayBook: form of control • Succession: • William II (1087-1100) • Henry I (1100-1135) • Stephen (1135-1154): period of anarchy, civil war

  10. Medieval Spain Questions: • What was the status of Christians and Jews in Spain prior to the Reconquista? • For source 5.10, how does the bishop justify violent actions to the assembled army? Be precise in discerning the language and the biblical support that he uses to characterize the struggle ahead. Terms: • al-Andalus • dhimmis • Reconquista • convicencia • Contrast: Song of Roland, Song of the Cid • Averroes

  11. Medieval Italy Questions: • What factors contributed to growth in the Italian communes? • Proto-capitalist rural economy • What were the consequences of the Norman conquest of Sicily? • What was the corpus iuriscivilisand why was it important? • Rediscovery in late 11th century • Relationship of northern Italian cities to Holy Roman Emperors • Contrast between northern, southern Italy • Significance of Papal States • Pope’s appointment of Robert Guiscard as papal vassal • Rulers of Sicily: • Roger “the Great Count” • Roger II

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