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Chapter 32

Chapter 32. Sections 3, 4, 5. Holocaust. Holo = Whole; Kaustos = Burnt Genocide of about 6 million Jews Hitler called it “his final solution” Also killed - including Poles, Soviet civilians and POWS, handicapped, gay men, and political and religious opponents Total = 11 – 17 million. Cont.

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Chapter 32

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  1. Chapter 32 Sections 3, 4, 5

  2. Holocaust • Holo = Whole; Kaustos = Burnt • Genocide of about 6 million Jews • Hitler called it “his final solution” • Also killed - including Poles, Soviet civilians and POWS, handicapped, gay men, and political and religious opponents • Total = 11 – 17 million

  3. Cont • Before war started concentration camps opened up to remove Jews from cities • Famous camps - Auschwitz and Dachau • Extermination camps sole purpose was execution • Mass shootings at first, then gas chambers

  4. Cont • Used inmates for experiments • Pressure chambers, freeze them, tested different drugs, try to change eye color of kids, amputations and other brutal surgeries • If survived, usually killed after and dissected • 90% Jews in Poland, Baltic Countries, Germany, Austria died

  5. Japanese American Internment Camps • About 110,000 (2/3 American citizens) sent to War Relocation Camps • Executive Order 9066 allowed it • All Japanese Americans on west coast were sent to camps • Reagan apoligized, $1.6 billion paid in reparations

  6. Cont • Camps in remote, desolate areas • Had schools, played baseball games, music lessons, said the pledge every morning • Many loss irreplaceable personal items because of what they could bring

  7. Final Days in Europe • General Patton Pushes Germans out of Africa • Sicily invaded in 1943 • People revolted against Mussolini • Italy signs an armistice Sept 1943 • Germany out of USSR by 1944 • June 6, 1944 D – Day, led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower • Attack in Normandy, France • Allowed Allies to form a base in Europe

  8. Cont • Soviets take Germans out of the Balkans • Battle of the Bulge stopped last German offensive on Western Front • December 1944 in the Ardenes Forest

  9. Feb 1945 Churchill, FDR, Stalin met in Yalta • Discuss postwar • Germany to be divided up into four zones • Fight until get unconditional surrender

  10. Cont • Western Allies get to Rhine River • Soviets get to Berlin border • FDR dies April 12, Harry S Truman takes over • Mussolini killed April 28 • April 30 Hitler commits suicide • May 8, 1945 V E Day

  11. End in the Pacific • Battle of Iwo Jima, February 1945 • 22,000 Japanese there to fight, 21,000 died • 7,000 Allied forces killed • July 1945 meeting at Potsdam • Fight until get Japanese unconditional surrender • USSR would declare war on Japan

  12. Cont • Massive firebombings on Japanese cities, no surrender • August 6, 1945 Little Boy dropped from B-29 bomber called Enola Gay at Hiroshima • Killed 80,000 instantly • No unconditional surrender • August 9, Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki • 40,000 killed

  13. Post War • Germany divided into 4 zones • US, GB, France, and USSR • US, GB, France form West Germany • USSR forms East Germany • Berlin is split by Berlin Wall

  14. Cont • The United Nations is formed • An international peace keeping organization • Churchill said that an “iron curtain had descended on the continent” • Division of Communist and Democracies

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