Organizatat Nd rkomb tare

1. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizatat Nd�rkomb�tare Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM.Eur (PhD Candidate) bardhyl@hasanpapaj.com Semetri Veror, 2011

2. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Idet� e Para: Presidenti i SHBA-s� Franklin D. Roosevelt Kryeministri i B.Madhe dhe Irland�s Veriore, �inston Churchill N�: �Karta e Atlantikut�, 14 Gusht 1941, e cila parashihte p�rcaktimin e disa vlerave t� p�rbashk�ta p�r themelimin e paqes n� Bot�.

3. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara �Karta e Atlantikut�, ishte akt 2 Pal�sh por praktikisht kishte si synim t� gjitha vendet e bot�s, me idelae t� p�rgjithme p�r rregullimin e bot�s mbi parimet e: Liris�, T� barazis� Vetvendosjes Ndalimit t� forc�s, dhe Garantimit t� paqes p�rmes sistemit t� siguris� kolektive.

4. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Origjina e OKB: Deklarata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara (01.01.1942) (26 vendet q� ishin n� luft� kund�r vendeve t� Boshtit, kishin lidhur kualicion �Mbi parimet e Kart�s s� Atlantikut�). M� von� Deklarat�s iu bashkuan edhe 21 vende tjera. Konferencat e Mosk�s, Teheranit, Dumbarton Oaks, dhe t� Jalt�s (mes 43 � shkurt 45, kjo e fundit) - Bashkimi Sovjetik, Britania e Madhe, SHBA, Kina proklamonin krijimin e nj� organizate universale p�r ruatjen e paqes n� bot� (Roosevelti. Stalini, Churchilli).

5. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Konferenca e Kombeve t� Bashkuara e San-Franciskos (25.04.�26.06.1945) Konference e hapur ndaj t� gjitha kombeve t� bashkuara (i.e. vendet q� u kishin shpall� luft� vendeve t� Boshtit) � (rasti i A.Saudite, Egjipti, Siria, Libani, Turqia, Argjentina, Peruja, Uruguai dhe Paraguai)! 50 shtetet p�rfaq�suese t� konferenc�s me 26 Qershor 1945 n�nshkruan �Kart�n e Organizat�s s� Kombeve t� Bashkuara� e cila hyri n� fuqi m� 24 tetor 1945. AssP�rgjithshme m� 14 shkurt, provizorisht, e me 14 dhjetor, p�rfundimisht, 1946: Selia e OKB. NY.

6. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Q�llimet e OKB: T� ruhet paqja dhe siguria nd�rkomb�tare; T� zhvillohen marr�dh�niet miq�sore nd�rmjet kombeve, duke respektuar parimin e barazis� dhe t� vetvendosjes, duke marr� t� gjitha masat p�r t� forcuar paqen n� bot�; T� realizohet bashk�punimi nd�rkomb�tar� p�r zgjidhjen e problemeve nd�rkomb�tare (ekonomike, shoq�rore, intelektual, humanitar etj.), duke inkurajuar respektimin, pa kurrfar� dallimi, e t� drejtave dhe lirive themelore t� njeriut. Ombet e Bashkuara t� jen� qendra p�r harmonizimin e p�rpjekjeve p�r arritjen k�tyre q�llimeve.

7. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Parimet e OKB: Barazia Sovrane; Zgjidhja paq�sore e Mosmarr�veshjeve Nd�rkomb�tare; Ndalimi i P�rdorimit t�, apo k�rc�nimit me Forc�; Ndalimi i nd�rhyrjes n� Pun�t e Brendshme t� shteteve; dhe Parimet tjera: (bashk�punimi, barazia dhe vetvendosja, bona fide/mir�besimi)

8. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Organet e OKB: Asambleja e P�rgjithshme; K�shilli i Sigurimit; K�shilli Ekonomik e Social; K�shilli i Kujdestaris�; Gjykata Nd�rkomb�tare e Drejt�sis�; Sekretariati.

9. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Asambleja e P�rgjithshme: Organi Qendror� i KB; P�rb�het nga p�rfaq�suesit e t� gjitha shteteve an�tare (5 p�rfaq�sues dhe 5 n�np�rfaq�sues s� bashku me k�shilltar� dhe ekspert); Takohet n� sesione t� Rregullta (n� shtator dhe zgjat� disa muaj) dhe t� Jashtzakonshme (nga Sekretari i P�rgjithsh�m me k�rkes�n e KS apo t� shumic�s s� an�tar�ve t� KB) � 15 dit� nga koha kur b�het k�rkesa po 24 or� p�r United 4 Peace Rez.) Borded, Komisionet, K�shillat dhe Panelet; Grupet Punuese, Etj.

10. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Kompetencat e As. P�rgjithshme: Diskuton t� gjitha ��shtjet n� kuad�r t� Kart�s s� OKB; Vendos� p�r pranimin, p�rjashtimin apo pezullimin (me rekom. KS) Diskuton p�r t� gjitha ��shtjet p�r ruatjen e paqes dhe t� siguris� nd�rkomb�tare; I t�rheq v�rejtjen KS p�r situatat q� rrezikojn� paqen dhe sigurin�; Rekomandon masa p�r zgjidhjen paq�sore t� situatave q� d�mtojn� marr�dh�niet miq�sore midis popujve;

11. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Kompetencat e As. P�rgjithshme: Pranon dhe Shqyrton raportet e KS dhe organeve tjera; Aprovon marr�veshjet e kujdestaris� p�r zonat jo-strat.; Zgjedh an�tar�t jo t� p�rhersh�m t� KS, ECOSOC, K�shillit t� Kujdestaris�; Zgjedh Gjyqtar�t e GJND s� bashku me KS; Em�ron Sekretarin e P�rgjithsh�m n� baz� t� Rekomandimit t� KS. Shqyrton dhe Aprovon Buxhetin e KB dhe kontributet e an�tar�ve; Miraton tekstet e konventave nd�rkomb�tare (funksioni Legjislativ); Funksionet n� baz� t� Rezolut�s �United for Peace/T� bashkuar p�r Paqe� (337/V � nentor 1950).

12. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara K�shilli i Sigurimit: 5 Na�tar� t� P�rhersh�m (SHBA, Mbret�ria e Bashkuar, Franca, Rusia dhe Kina) 10 An�tar� jo t� P�rhersh�m (zgjedhen �do 2 vite nga As. e P�rgjithshme) sipas formul�s gjeografike: 5 vende Afro-Aziatike (3 Afr. me 2 Az.); 2 Vende Amerikes Latine dhe Karaibeve; 2 Vende Evrop�s Per�ndimore dhe �vendeve tjera� (Kanada, Australi, Zelanda e Re); dhe 1 vend Evrop�s Lindore.

13. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Kompetencat e KS: T� ruaj� paqen dhe sigurin� n� bot� dhe p�r k�t� ka t� drejt� t� marr� masa efektive n� �do koh� t� prishjes apo k�rc�nimit p�r prishjen e paqes; Zgjidhjen e mosmarr�veshjeve n� m�nyr� paq�sore; T� zhvilloj� hetime mbi secil�n situat� t� k�rc�nimit t� paqes dhe siguris� n� bot�; Formulon� planet p�r sistemin e rregullimit t� armatimit; Vendos� mbi egzistimin e k�rc�nimit p�r paqe, prishjes s� paqes apo akteve t� agresionit si dhe t� rekomandoj� masat p�rkat�se q� duhen marr�; Rekomandon masat e p�rkohshme p�r pengimin e keq�simit t� situatave konfliktuoze.

14. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Kompetencat e KS: Vendose mbi masat, duke p�rfshir� edhe p�rdorimin e forcave t� armatosura, p�r t� siguruar zbatimin e vendimeve t� tij; Merr masa dhe aksione me forca ajrore, detare apo tok�sore t� domozdoshme p�r ruajtjen apo kthimin e paqes dhe siguris� nd�rkomb�tare; Kontrollon dhe mbikqyr� �zonat strategjike� n�n kujdestari; Mund t� urdh�roj� p�rmbushjen e dhunshme t� vendimeve t� GJND-s�; Kompetencat s� bashku me As. P�rgjithshme.

15. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara Votimi n� KS: ��shtjet Procedurale � mjaftojn� 9 vota t� cilatdo shteteve (caktimi i vendit t� mbledhjeve, agjend�s, zgjedhja e kryetarit, pjesmarrjen e an�tar�ve tjer� n� mbledhjen e KS; zgjedhjen e gjyqtar�ve t� GJND) ��shtjet tjera: 9 vota, p�rfshir� k�tu 5 votat e p�rhershme. P�rdorimi i vetos! abstenimi?

16. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara An�tar�sia n� OKB: 51 shtetet themeluese (Polonia!) E hapur p�r t� gjitha vendet, q� plot�sojn� 4 kushtet: T� jen� paq�dash�s (peace-loving!); t�i pranojn� detyrimet q� rrjedhin nga Karta e OKB-s�; T� jet� i aft� p�r p�rmbushjen e detyrimeve; dhe T� jet� i gatsh�m p�r p�rmbushjen e detyrimeve. Procedura: Asambleja e P�rgjithshme me 2/3 pas Rekomandimit t� KS.

17. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizata e Kombeve t� Bashkuara P�rfundimi i Antar�sis�: T�rheqja; (rasti i Indonezis� mars 65 - shtator 66) P�rjashtimi; N� rast t� shkeljes s� vazhdueshme t� Kart�s s� OKB. Pezullimi. Ndalimi i ushtrimit t� drejtave dhe privilegjeve t� an�tarit. Procedura, sikur ajo e pranimit n� OKB.

18. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Entente Po�ers �ere the countries at �ar �ith the Central Po�ers during �orld �ar I. The key members of the Triple Entente �ere: the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire. USA (Zimmermann Telegram!) These other countries �ere also minor members of the Entente: Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania.

19. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM

20. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM The Central Po�ers �ere composed of the follo�ing nations: Austro-Hungarian Empire: entered the �ar on 28 July 1914 German Empire (including German colonial forces): 1 August 1914 Ottoman Empire: secretly 2 August 1914; openly 29 October 1914 Kingdom of Bulgaria: 14 October 1915

21. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note) �as a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make �ar against the United States. The proposal �as declined by Mexico, due to a Civil �ar in the country, but angered Americans and led in part to a U.S. declaration of �ar in April

22. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Zimmermann's message �as: "�e intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine �arfare. �e shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, �e make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the follo�ing basis: make �ar together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, Ne� Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You �ill inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of �ar �ith the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his o�n initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate bet�een Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines no� offers the prospect of compelling England in a fe� months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN

23. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM The message came as a coded telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann, on January 16, 1917, to the German ambassador in �ashington, D.C., Johann von Bernstorff, at the height of �orld �ar I. On January 19, Bernstorff, per Zimmermann's request, for�arded the telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of the resumption of unrestricted submarine �arfare by Germany on February 1, an act �hich German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Holl�eg feared �ould dra� the neutral U.S. into �ar on the side of the Allies.[1] The telegram instructed Ambassador Eckardt that if the U.S. appeared likely to enter the �ar, he �as to approach the Mexican Government �ith a proposal for military alliance. He �as to offer Mexico material aid in the reclamation of territory lost during the Mexican-American �ar (the Southeastern section of the area of the Mexican Cession of 1848) and the Gadsden Purchase, specifically the American states of Texas, Ne� Mexico, and Arizona. Eckardt �as also instructed to urge Mexico to help broker an alliance bet�een Germany and the Japanese Empire. The Zimmermann Telegram �as intercepted and decoded by the British cryptographers of Room 40.[2] The revelation of its contents in the American press on March 1 caused public outrage that contributed to the U.S.'s declaration of �ar against Germany and its allies on April 6.

24. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Allies of �orld �ar II The Allies of �orld �ar II �ere the countries that opposed the Axis po�ers during the Second �orld �ar (1939�1945). Former Axis states contributing to the allied victory are not considered Allied states. The Allies became involved in �orld �ar II either because they had already been invaded, �ere directly threatened �ith invasion by the Axis or because they �ere concerned that the Axis po�ers �ould come to control the �orld.[1] The anti-German coalition at the start of the �ar (September 1, 1939) consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom.[2] After 1941, the leaders of the British Empire, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America, kno�n as the "Big Three",[3] held leadership of the allied po�ers. France, before its defeat in 1940 and after Operation Overlord in 1944, as �ell as China[4][5][6] at that time, �ere also major Allies.[7] Other Allies included Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece, Mexico, the Netherlands, Ne� Zealand, Nor�ay, the Union of South Africa and Yugoslavia.[8]

25. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Allies of �orld �ar II During December, 1941, US President Franklin Roosevelt devised the name "United Nations" for the Allies. He referred to the Big Three and China as a "trusteeship of the po�erful", and then later the "Four Policemen".[9] The Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942 �as the basis of the modern United Nations (UN).[10] At the Potsdam Conference of July�August 1945, Roosevelt's successor, Harry S. Truman, proposed that the foreign ministers of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States "should draft the peace treaties and boundary settlements of Europe", �hich led to the creation of the Council of Foreign Ministers.[11]