Greece: Resource Unit

1. Greece: Resource Unit 7th Grade World History Laura Green Sarah Thomason Sheena Striker

2. Introduction to Greece • When one looks around our culture, the influence of ancient Greece becomes very apparent. Our modern day theatre, philosophy, sports, and politics all have roots in ancient Greece. This makes it very important for students to understand the ancient Greek civilization so that they might understand the impact that it plays in their own lives.

3. This unit will look at the beginning of the Greek civilization and the military, economic, and cultural factors that helped shaped it. • It will begin with the early Greeks (the Minoans and Mycenaeans) and follow its growth into a dominant power in the world through Alexander the Great. Besides the historical and military events, the unit will also focus on Greek culture and its influence both then and now.

4. Objectives Students should be able to after covering the unit: • The Early Greeks: • Know the physical geography of Greece and its impact on how the early Greeks made a living and their culture developed • Identify the Minoans; understand the impact that the palace at Knossos had for archaeologists and their understanding of the Minoan civilization; know that explanations for the collapse of the Minoan civilization • Know that the Mycenaeans were the first Greek kings; Be able to explain what the Mycenaean kingdoms were like and where their power came from • Differentiate between fact and fiction regarding the Trojan War. • Know what the Greek Dark Age is and its impact

5. Explain what a colony is and how the rise of colonies shaped ancient Greece and its economy • Understand the terms and explain the impact they have on modern words and ideas: polis, acropolis, agora, city-state, citizen • Describe the difference between city-states and modern day cities; explain what it meant to be a citizen in ancient Greece

6. Sparta and Athens • Discuss why the rule of nobles was short lived and how it led to the rise of tyrants; Explain how the rule of tyrants led to the rise of oligarchies and democracies. • Summarize what life and government was like in Sparta, emphasizing the importance of the military • Summarize what life and especially government was like in Athens; identify key people such as Solon and Peisistratus • Explain how these two cultures impact our lives today

7. Persian Wars • Identify who the Persians were and know where they came from; identify important individuals (Cyrus the Great, Darius) • Explain what the Persian Empire was like and what Zoroastrianism is • Summarize the Persian Wars and identify the major battles and generals; explain why the Persian Empire fell

8. Age of Pericles • Discuss the importance of the Delian League and how alliances often lead to war (ex. WWI) • Compare and contrast direct and representative democracies; explain how Athens has impacted our own government • Identify Pericles and discuss how he impacted Athens • Explain the causes and events of the Peloponnesian War

9. Alexander the Great • Identify Macedonia and Phillip II and how they impacted Greece • Explain who Alexander the Great is and how his conquests impacted the ancient world • Explain what became of Alexander the Great’s empire • Greek Culture • Understand Greek mythology and identify the major gods; explain how it impacted Greek culture • Discuss Greek poetry and fables; identify important writers like Homer and Aesop • Describe Greek drama and its different types of plays; explain how it influences us today; identify important writers of Greek drama

10. Differentiate between Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian style architecture; identify Greek buildings and the influence of Greek architecture in modern buildings • Identify the major Greek philosophers and schools of thought • Summarize how the ancient Greeks impacted science and math • Explain how Greek culture spread throughout the ancient world

11. Content • This unit will take about 4 weeks to complete and will use Glencoe’s World History Journey Across Time: The Early Ages textbook. The textbook divides Greece between chapters 4 and 5.

12. Chapter 4: The Ancient Greeks • Section 1: The Early Greeks • Geography of Greece • The Minoans • Crete, Minoan economy, collapse of the Minoans • The First Greek Kingdoms • The Mycenaeans, their economy and power, the Trojan War, • The Dark Age, the Dorians, Peloponnesus, the Greek Alphabet • A Move to Colonize • The establishment of Greek colonies, growth of trade • The Polis • Greek City-States and their setup, citizenship vs. subjects, military power

13. Peninsula Crete Minoans Knossos Mycenaeans Agamemnon Trojan War Dark Age Peloponnesus The Greek Alphabet Phoenicians Colonies Parent Colony City-State Polis Acropolis Agora Citizenship Hoplites 4-1 Terms and Concepts

14. Section 2: Sparta and Athens • Tyranny in the City-States • Rule of the nobles after the Dark Age, challenge to their rule by farmers, rise and rule of tyrants • the emergence of oligarchies and democracies • Sparta • Importance of military • Sparta’s Government • Life in Sparta • Athens • Life in Athens • Democracy in Athens: how it worked

15. Tyrant Oligarchy Democracy Sparta Athens Helots Ephors Solon Peisistratus Cleisthenes Council of 500 Lottery system 4-2 Terms and Concepts

16. Section 3:Persia Attacks the Greeks • The Persian Empire • The Persians and their rise • the Persian government: divisions, professional troops • Persian religion: Zoroastrianism • The Persian Wars • Greek colonies and rebellion against the Persian Empire • Battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea • The fall of the Persian Empire

17. Persia Cyrus the Great Royal Road Darius Satrapies The Immortals Zoroastrianism Marathon Pheidippides Xerxes Leonidas Themistocles Thermopylae Salamis Plataea 4-3 Terms and Concepts

18. Section 4: Age of Pericles • The Athenian Empire • The Delian League • Direct vs Representative Democracy • The age of Pericles, the dominance of Athens, spread of democracy, “the school of Greece” • Daily Life • Athens= most populous Greek City-State • Slaves, Athenian economy, men vs women • The Peloponnesian War • Sparta vs Athens • Pericles’ Funeral Oration • The defeat of Athens

19. Delos Delian League Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Generals Pericles The Age of Pericles Philosophers The School of Greece Slaves Imports Aspasia Pericles’ Funeral Oration 4-4 Terms and Concepts

20. Chapter 5:Greek Civilization • Section 1: The Culture of Ancient Greece • Greek Mythology • Myths, Gods and Goddesses, Mount Olympus, the Oracle at Delphi • Greek Poetry and Fables • Epic Poetry-Homer and the Illiad and Odyssey • Aesop’s Fables • Greek Drama • Tragedies and comedies, Greek writers • Greek Art and Architecture • Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles, Parthenon, temples

21. Myths Zeus Athena Apollo Ares Aphrodite Demeter Poseidon Hera Hades Hestia Artemis Hermes Mount Olympus Oracle Delphi Croesus Epics Illiad and Odyssey Homer Aesop Fables Drama 5-1 Terms • Tragedy • Comedy • Sophocles • Euripides • Aeschylus • Aristophanes • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian • Pathenon

22. Section 2: Greek Philosophy and History • Greek Philosophers • Philosophy and philosophers-teachers • Pythagoras, Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle • Impact of their ideas on today’s society • Greek Historians • Herodotus • Thucydides

23. Philosophy Philosophers Pythagoras Sophists Socrates Socratic Method Plato The Republic Aristotle Lyceum “golden mean” Politics Herodotus Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 5-2 Terms and Concepts

24. Section 3: Alexander the Great • Macedonia Attacks Greece • Philip II took over city-states, Battle of Chaeronea • Alexander Builds an Empire • Invaded Asia Minor and kept going east, defeating the Persians • Made it to India, many soldiers died, Alexander died at age 32 • He left behind a great legacy, beginning of the Hellenistic Era • Empire fell apart after his death

25. Macedonia Philip II Demosthenes Chaeronea Alexander the Great Syria Granicus Alexandria Guagamela Legacy Hellenistic Era Pergamum Egypt Seleucid 5-3 Terms and Concepts

26. Section 4: The Spread of Greek Culture • Greek Culture Spreads • Hellenistic Era=Greeks spread to SE Asia and Egypt • New cities built with Greek architecture • Many kings supported Greek writers • Philosophy • New types emerged: Epicureanism and Stoicism • Greek Science and Math • Major contributions in science and math • Astronomy became important

27. Greece’s Golden Age Rhodes Appolonius Argonautica Theocritus Menander Epicureanism Zeno Stoicism Astronomers Aristarchus Eratosthenes Euclid Plane Geometry Archimedes Syracuse Solid Geometry pi 5-4 Terms and Concepts

28. Ancient Greece Lessons and Assessments

29. Using the map in the book, label your map with the following countries, city-states, significant landforms and bodies of water in Ancient Greece. Countries: Greece, Crete, Macedonia, Asia Minor Bodies of water: Mediterranean Sea, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Sea of Marmara City-states: Thebes, Athens, Sparta, Troy, Mycenae Landforms: Mount Olympus Day 1: Geography

30. Day 1:Continued • On the back of the map worksheet, answer the questions about Ancient Greece’s climate, topography, etc and how this effected the Greek way of life in ancient times. • When everyone is finished we will fill in the map as a class and discuss the answers to the questions.

31. Objective: Students will be able to teach other students about the early people who settled Greece. Lesson: Students will be put into groups. Each group will be given a specific part of Early Greek history and will research and prepare a report for the rest of the class. Materials: Book, handout, pencil, paper, art supplies Assessment: Each student in the group will speak in from of the class or contribute to the group in some way. Each group will create a poster highlighting the significant points of their time period in Greek history. Day 2-3:The Early Greeks

32. Objective: Students will know the main differences between the city-states of Athens and Sparta. Students will be able to identify the pros and cons of each city state and why they clashed. Materials: Book, pencil, paper Lesson: Students will fill out the worksheet provided answering questions about Athenian and Spartan societies. Students will also write a short essay on which city-state they would have liked to live in and why. They are to use specific examples and clear explanations. Assessment: Clearly stated essay and correct answers on the worksheet. Day 4-5- Athens vs. Sparta

33. Objective: Students will create their own set of notes using information that is provided. Materials: Computer, outline, and website provided. Classical Greece Lesson: Using the website listed and the outline created, prepare your own notes of class. Cut and paste small sections of information into your outline. When you are finished print it off and turn it in. Assessment: Under each section of the outline students will have three or more facts listed. Classical Greece- Days 6-7

34. Ancient Greece Web Quest! Day 8 • Go to the Web Quest using the link provided and complete the activities to learn about daily life in Ancient Greece. • Ancient Greece Web Quest! Assessment: • Completion of Web Quest and presenting newspaper article to the class.

35. Chapter Assessment- Day 9 • Students will be given a chapter assessment. This test will consist of multiple choice questions, matching, and two essay questions. • There will be a teacher led review before the test and students are to use their note packets to study.

36. Greek Civilization

37. Day 10 and 11- Greek Mythology • After watching a short video on Greek Mythology students will be taken to the library. • Students will: • use library or online resources to learn about one of the gods or goddesses of ancient Greece. • assume the role of a god or goddess and write a first-person diary, report, or postcard.

38. Materials Needed • library and/or Internet resources about gods and goddesses • paper, pencils, and art supplies • Assessment • Create a matching activity; students match ten of the gods' names in one column with their descriptions in the other column. • Greek Mythology

40. Day 12- The Olympics • Go to the following website and find out about the Ancient Olympics. Take notes on what types of games they had, what prizes were one, who competed, and why? • Now write a short essay on how the ancient games are similar and different to the games held today. • The Olympics

41. Greek Literature- Short lecture over Homer and his works of TheIlliad and The Odyssey and Aesop’s Fables. Discuss how Homer’s works explained the importance of the gods and goddesses in his story telling. Watch 13 minute video over Aesop’s Fables. For each fable, write what the moral of the story was and why it is good advice to follow. Assessment: Now write your own short fable. Be sure to have a moral or some type of advice in the story. Day 13

43. Objectives: Students will understand the difference between comedy and tragedy. Students will be able to describe Greek painting, sculpture and architecture. Students will know the difference between Doric, Ionic and Corinthian styles, and know why the Parthenon and other temples were built. Materials: Worksheet, pencil, web quest Lesson: Students will answer questions on the worksheet using the following links to access the information. They are able to work in pairs to complete the assignment. Ancient Greek Architecture Greek Theater Assessment: Completed worksheet with correct answers. Greek Drama, Art, and Architecture-Day 14

44. Greek Philosophy and History-Day 15 • Philosophy originated in ancient Greece during the 500's B.C. The word philosophy comes from two Greek words meaning love of wisdom. Many of the questions that were asked by Greek philosophers would today be considered subjects of scientific inquiry. The earliest philosophers speculated about the underlying substance of the universe and how the universe operated. Later philosophers investigated the nature of knowledge and reality and sought to define such notions as good and evil. • Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are considered the most important Greek philosophers. Socrates taught by carefully questioning his listeners to expose the weaknesses of their ideas and arguments. Plato explored such subjects as beauty, justice, and good government. Aristotle summed up the achievements of Greek philosophy and science. His authority on many topics remained unquestioned for more than 1,000 years. • Most people in ancient Greece were suspicious of philosophers and their theories. They continued to believe in traditional values and traditional religion. In 399 B.C., an Athenian jury sentenced Socrates to death , charging him with corrupting young men and not believing in the gods of the city.

45. Objective: Students will know the most famous Greek philosophers and what their main area of focus was. Students will be able to explain what contributions each gave to Greek society Materials: Paper, pencil Lesson: Through lecture and video segments students will learn about the major philosophers and their impact of Greek society. Students are to write down three facts about each philosopher and then share with three other people what they learned. Assessment: Being able to tell someone else what they learned about the philosophers. Explain how their ideas impacted today’s society. Continued

46. Alexander the Great and The Spread of Greek Culture

47. Objective: Learn how Alexander the Great came to power and describe how his conquering allowed Greek culture to spread. Materials: Handout from teacher, pencil, paper. Alexander the Great Handout Instructions: Read the handout given, taking notes about the rise of Alexander the Great. When you are finished compare notes at least two other people. When finished we will discuss the information as a class. Assessment: A short quiz will be given over the handout. Day 16 - Alexander the Great

48. Day 17- The Spread of Greek Culture Objective: • Gain an understanding of the spread of Greek culture and how it would come to later influence cultures such as the Romans. Lesson: • Students will read through section 4 of their book and complete the guided notes that are provided. Assessment: • Question and answer secession after everyone has completed the notes.

49. Day 18- Review Game • Teacher led review of material covered in chapter. Students will be grouped into teams and will play Jeopardy.

50. Day 19- Chapter Assessment • Test will be given over Chapter 5. Test will consist of multiple choice questions, matching, and essay.