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Using Pronouns Correctly. CASE. Case is the form a noun or pronoun takes to show its relationship to other words in the sentence. 3 types of case : Nominative — SUBJECT Objective — OBJECT Possessive — OWNERSHIP. NOMINATIVE OBJECTIVE (Subject) ( Object). I, we.
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CASE • Case is the form a noun or pronoun takes to show its relationship to other words in the sentence. • 3types of case: • Nominative — SUBJECT • Objective — OBJECT • Possessive — OWNERSHIP
NOMINATIVE OBJECTIVE(Subject) (Object) I, we Me, us You, you [plural] You, you [plural] He, she, it, they Him, her, it, them
NOMINATIVECASE • The subjectof a verb is in nominative case. • Heand Imowed lawns yesterday. • You and she ought to go to the store. • Will you or we be presenting this paper?
NOMINATIVE CASE • A predicate nominative is a word in the predicate that identifies the subject. • Predicate nominatives take the nominative case. • The winners should have been heand she. [not him and her] • The members of the team are they. [not them] • It is I! [not me]
OBJECTIVE CASE • If a pronoun is not the subject, it is the object. • Direct and indirect objects (words that identify who/what the verb is done for or to) are in the objective case. • Mom called me to the phone. [not I] • Julia bought themto make the filling. [not they] • The hostess handed her a nametag. [not she] • Mom, can you take him and me to the mall? [not he and I]
OBJECTIVE CASE • Pronouns that appear in prepositional phrases are called objects of a preposition, and they take the objective case. • Before us lay rows of green cornstalks. [not we] • The secret is between him and me. [not he and I] • Please stand next to her. [not she] • Give it to her and them, please. [not she and they]
WHO vs. WHOM • When do I use who, and when do I use whom?? • When it is nominative [subject], use who. • When it is objective [object], use whom. • Please ask who is calling. [who =subject] • Who left this? [who =subject] • To whom should I give the ticket? [whom =object of the preposition to] • Whom are we inviting to the dance? [whom =direct object of the verb are inviting] • If you’d use he, use who. If you’d use him, use whom.
PRONOUN/APPOSITIVE • Sometimes a pronoun is directly followed by a noun that identifies it. This noun is called an appositive. • Ex: Sometimes weteachers do actually leave our classrooms! • To determine whether to use a nominative or objective pronoun before an appositive, remove the appositive, and try both pronouns.
PRONOUN/APPOSITIVE • On Saturdays ( we / us ) cyclists ride to Mt. McCabe and back. • On Saturdays, ( we ride / us ride ) • On Saturdays, we cyclists ride… • The speaker praised ( we / us ) volunteers for our hard work. • The speaker ( praised we / praised us ) • The speaker praised us volunteers…
UNCLEAR! CLEAR! CLEAR! CLEAR REFERENCE • Be sure a pronoun clearly tells which antecedent it’s referring to. • Jeremy promised to meet Joe at his house. • at whose house? • Jeremy promised to meet Joe at Joe’s house. • Jeremy promised to meet Joe at Jeremy’s house.
UNCLEAR! CLEAR! CLEAR! CLEAR REFERENCE • Mr. Cassner asked Todd to file the memo after he read it. • after who read it? • Mr. Cassner asked Todd to file the memo after Mr. Cassner read it. • Mr. Cassner asked Todd to file the memo after Todd read it.
POSSESSIVE CASE • The possessive case shows ownership/possession. • That is my car. • The house’s foundation appears to be solid. • The students’ scores were high. • Which apple is hers?
