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The Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Arab-Israeli Conflict. Words to Know. Jewish Diaspora Anti-Semitism Theodor Herzl Zionism Balfour Declaration U.N. Partition of Palestine Six Day War Nasser Yom Kippur War Camp David Accords Sadat Yasser Arafat PLO and Palestinian Authority Mahmoud Abbas Hezbollah.

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The Arab-Israeli Conflict

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  1. The Arab-Israeli Conflict

  2. Words to Know Jewish Diaspora Anti-Semitism Theodor Herzl Zionism Balfour Declaration U.N. Partition of Palestine Six Day War Nasser Yom Kippur War Camp David Accords Sadat Yasser Arafat PLO and Palestinian Authority MahmoudAbbas Hezbollah

  3. Graphic Organizer

  4. A Long History… • 70 AD: A revolt against Roman rule was put down by the Emperor Titus and the Second Temple was destroyed. This marks the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora, or dispersion. • 638 AD saw region conquered by Muslims. Remained so up until defeat of Ottoman Empire in World War I.

  5. Graphic Organizer Jewish Diaspora

  6. In 1896, in response to anti-Semitism in Europe, Theodor Herzl, a Jew living in Vienna, Austria, wrote The Jewish State, a book promoting the Jewish people to seek their own nation. • Movement became known as Zionism, and by 1903 there were 25,000 Jews living in Palestine compared to half a million Arabs • Believed Judaism should be viewed as a nationality with their own state • Palestine not only area looked at for creation of Jewish state. Areas of Africa and South America were also considered

  7. Graphic Organizer Jewish Diaspora Anti-Semitism Theodor Herzl

  8. World War I brought the Ottoman Empire allied with Germany and Austria Hungary against Britain, France, and Russia. Great Britain did quite a bit of double dealing -Sent Lawrence of Arabia to encourage Bedouin tribes to revolt against Turks in exchange for independence. Colonel TE Lawrence -Also split up Ottoman Empire with France to be used as post war colonies -1917 British foreign minister Balfour issued famous Balfour Declaration saying the British government would work towards setting up a Jewish state in Palestine *Legitimized Zionism

  9. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side) Think-Pair-Share What is the term used to describe hatred of Jews?

  10. Balfour Declaration: "His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

  11. Graphic Organizer Balfour Declaration

  12. League of Nations Mandates • After the First World War, the League of Nations recognized France and Britain as Mandatory Powers • France • Lebanon • Syria • The United Kingdom • Iraq • Transjordan • Palestine

  13. Following the Balfour declaration population of Jews in Palestine rose by 300,000 in years leading up to World War 2 • Led to violence between Jews and Palestinians • In the 1930’s it was Jewish Zionists, not Palestinians who were committing terrorist attacks

  14. Graphic Organizer Balfour Declaration Jews move into Palestine

  15. Following World War II thousands of Jewish immigrants from Europe poured into Palestine. Situation got out of control and British handed it over to the newly formed United Nations. In 1947 the United Nations General Assembly voted a 2/3 majority to partition Palestine into a Jewish and Palestinian state

  16. Israeli arguments We need a safe haven This should be it God gave it to us We make the desert bloom Palestinian arguments This is our land, our country It should not be divided We have lived here for centuries if not millennia, giving us the legal claim The Issue in 1947: 1 land or 2?

  17. Israel claimed independence in May of 1948. For months prior Israelis and Arabs had been waging attacks against one another. Finally, the day following the announcement armies from 5 neighboring Arab countries invaded Israel. Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt had sent armies but all were crushed. • Outcome was that Egypt seized Gaza Strip while Jordan annexed Jerusalem • Both sides had employed terrorism throughout conflict. Menachim Begin, a future prime minister of Israel, was one of the main terrorist leaders of Israel. • One example was at the village of DeirYassin outside of Jerusalem Israelis ran from house to house throwing bags of dynamite inside. They killed 240 men, women and children this way. Goal was to depopulate and seize any areas given to them in the partition. • Armistice signed in 1949. Made Israel 1/5 larger than originally planned.

  18. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side) Think-Pair-Share Why did the powers in Europe give Palestine to the Jews?

  19. Graphic Organizer Balfour Declaration Jews move into Palestine Israel declares independance

  20. The Arab-Israeli Wars In 1956 the leader of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Nationalized the Suez canal which had been ran by Britain and France previously. Israel took advantage of this by allying itself with Britain and France and attacking the Sinai Peninsula. The British and French also attack, centering on the Suez Canal zone. Was a military victory, but a huge diplomatic loss as both the Soviet Union and the United States backed a UN declaration against the conflict. Israel, Britain and France were forced to withdraw.

  21. Graphic Organizer Nassar

  22. Terrorists • In 1964, the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) was formed. The PLO was made up of several Palestinian political groups in different countries. Their goal was to take Palestine back form the Israelis. In 1969, Yasser Arafat became the leader of the PLO, earlier his Fatah group had conducted attacks against Israeli civilians.

  23. Graphic Organizer Nassar PLO

  24. The Six Day War: In 1967 there was growing Arab nationalism as well a desire for revenge against Israel in the neighboring Arab countries. These countries began massing along the borders of Israel and demanded that UN peacekeepers leave the area. • Israel warned Jordan and Egypt but when this was ignored Israel launched preemptive strike • Led to anti American sentiment among Arab countries. • Israel gained control of Sinai, West Bank, Jerusalem, Golan Heights, Gaza • Estimated 500,000 Palestinians fled to neighboring countries

  25. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side) Think-Pair-Share What was the goal of the PLO?

  26. Graphic Organizer Nassar PLO Six Day War

  27. More Terrorism In 1971, another Palestinian militant group calling them selves “Black September” infiltrated the Olympics in Munich, Germany and took 11 Israeli athletes hostage. All of the athletes were killed along with five of the terrorists and one policeman.

  28. In 1973 after not being able to regain territory through diplomatic means, Egypt and Syria launched surprise attacks against Israel on Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, when they knew everyone would be at home fasting with family. • Initially the Arabs made huge advances but they were turned back 3 weeks later after Israel received major support from the US. • Result was that Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries passed an oil embargo against the United States and other countries that supported Israel. Gas prices skyrocketed and gas was rationed.

  29. In 1978 Camp David accords signed as peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. First Arab state to formally accept legitimacy of Israeli state. Jimmy Carter was key in this process. Signed between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachim Begin. Sadat later assassinated in 1981 by Islamic militants angry about peace with Israel. • Returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

  30. Graphic Organizer Camp David Peace Accord

  31. In 1982 Israel invaded and occupied Southern Lebanon to protect itself from guerillas who based their attacks on Israel from there. Ariel Sharon, former Israeli Prime Minister, was defense minister at the time and was forced to resign after a number of atrocities and massacres were committed against Muslims living there. • Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Liberation Organization was forced to flee and would not become overly involved in politics in Israel until mid-1990’s when Israel gave them some control and autonomy over some Palestinian dominated areas • Israel did not leave southern Lebanon until 2000

  32. Terrorism continues • Hezbollah and Hamas are two important Arab groups that were founded in the mid 1980’s to fight against Israel. Hezbollah is from Lebanon and Hamas is based in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Both groups are supported by Syria and Iran and are made up of Muslims.

  33. Graphic Organizer Camp David Peace Accord Hezbollah

  34. Shared water source; Jordan River

  35. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side) Think-Pair-Share Where is Hamas based? What is their goal?

  36. The Future??? • What we see today is this wrangling between Israel and the Palestinian Authority over who will control what. Arafat never able to crack down on terrorism, Abbas new guy. Sharon very aggressive and not afraid to flex military might. • Everyone willing to sit and talk but hard to keep extremists under wrap • Continual attacks by guerrilla groups from safe havens of Lebanon, Syria, ect. • Largest of groups is Hezbollah. War fought this summer to create buffer zone in southern Lebanon

  37. Bibliography • Palestine Remembered. http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story580.html. September 30, 2007. • Weekly Ahram Newspaper. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/501/nasser1.htm. Setempber 30, 2007 • Honey, R. Application of a Conflict Model To the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. University of Iowa. http://www.uiowa.edu/~c044010a/index.html. September 9, 2007

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