Today’s Checklist

1. Homework check Sentence fragments vs. complete sentences Literary terms introduction Focus on metaphor - Pacing the Cage Dear RND assignment Sentence fragments Today’s Checklist

2. Each of the following is a sentence fragment. Make it a complete sentence. • Which is interesting. 6. In terms of summer. • To go to work. 7. During rush hour. • Easy to find. 8. So that I could go. • Although it is difficult. 9. When I got there. • While living there. 10. Because I was sure. Sentence fragments

3. We will be using these literary terms throughout the semester. “Language is power, life and the instrument of culture, the instrument of domination and liberation.” - Angela Carter Literary devices introduction

4. Used to convey a new idea by using the blueprint of an old one as a basis for understanding. Example: In the same way as one cannot have the rainbow without the rain, one cannot achieve success and riches without hard work. Analogy

5. Words or phrases that appeal to one or more of the five senses. Writers use imagery to describe how their subjects look, sound, feel, taste, and smell. Example: The gushing brook stole its way down the lush green mountains, dotted with tiny flowers in a riot of colors and trees coming alive with gaily chirping birds. Imagery

6. A sharp incongruity that goes beyond the simple and evident intention of words or actions • Example: Sarcasm • I have just the best luck! • Can occur when the outcome of a situation is the opposite of what is expected Irony

7. Mood, or atmosphere, is the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage. Writers use many devices to create mood, including images, dialogue, setting, and plot. Often, a writer creates a mood at the beginning of a work and then sustains the mood throughout. Sometimes, however, the mood of the work changes dramatically. MOOD

8. The base topic or focus that acts as a foundation for the entire literary piece • Links all aspects of the literary work with one another • The theme may be stated directly; more often presented indirectly • More often, the reader must figure out the theme by looking carefully at the work • Example: The main theme in the play Romeo and Juliet was love with smaller themes of sacrifice, tragedy, struggle, hardship, devotion and so on. Theme

9. A reflection of a writer’s or speaker’s attitude • Communicated through words and details that express particular emotions and that evoke and emotional response from the reader • Example: In her Harry Potter series, author J.K. Rowling has taken an extremely positive, inspiring and uplifting tone towards the idea of love and devotion. Tone

10. Compares seemingly unlike things • Uses the words like or as • Example: Her voice was like nails on a chalkboard. • Can you think of other similes? Simile

11. Compares or equates two or more things • Does NOT use like or as • Example: Life is a bowl of cherries. • Note: Forrest Gump says, “Life is like a box of chocolates…” This is a simile! Metaphor

12. A combination of seemingly contradictory words • Examples: • Same difference Pretty ugly Roaring silence A cold fire in his eyes Jumbo shrimp Oxymoron

13. A figure of speech in which an animal, object, force of nature, or idea is given human qualities or characteristics. • Example: Tears began to fall from the dark clouds. • i.e. Rain is given a human quality (tears) in order to express the drama of the situation Personification

14. The repetition of sounds, most often consonant sounds, at the beginning of words. Alliteration gives emphasis to words. Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers Alliteration

15. Focus on Metaphor "The greatest thing by far is to be a master of metaphor. This alone cannot be imparted by another; it is the mark of genius,for to make good metaphors implies an eye for resemblance.“ - Aristotle (Poetics) • “Metaphorically speaking” videoclip

17. “Pacing the Cage” by Bruce Cockburn Sunset is an angel weepingHolding out a bloody swordNo matter how I squint I cannotMake out what it's pointing towardSometimes you feel like you live too long Days drip slowly on the pageYou catch yourselfPacing the cageI've proven who I am so many timesThe magnetic strip's worn thinAnd each time I was someone elseAnd every one was taken inPowers chatter in high placesStir up eddies in the dust of rageSet me to pacing the cage I never knew what you all wantedSo I gave you everythingAll that I could pillageAll the spells that I could singIt's as if the thing were written In the constitution of the ageSooner or later you'll wind upPacing the cage Sometimes the best map will not guide you You can't see what's round the bendSometimes the road leads through dark places Sometimes the darkness is your friendToday these eyes scan bleached-out land For the coming of the outbound stagePacing the cage Pacing the cage 

18. Pacing the Cage – Questions • Identify at least two literary devices used in the lyrics of “Pacing the Cage” (e.g. imagery, alliteration, etc.). Cite the specific lines where these literary devices are used. • Identify at least two examples of metaphors that are used in the lyrics of the song. • What could “the cage” represent? • Are there any sentiments expressed within the lyrics of the song to which you can relate? Explain.

19. Dear RND • One-page letter • Must begin with “Dear RND”, date in top right corner • Three paragraphs • Introduction • Body – what are your hopes, dreams, etc.? • Conclusion • Use a minimum of four literary devices • Typed, 1.5 spaced • Times New Roman or Calibri font