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Norway

Norway . Team 4: Becky Tibbenham Charlotte Windberg Taylor Jameson Matt Byler. Summary. Introduction to Norway History Demographics Culture Culture and Business Government The Economy Business Schools. Tromsø. Norway: Climate.

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Norway

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  1. Norway Team 4: Becky Tibbenham Charlotte Windberg Taylor Jameson Matt Byler

  2. Summary • Introduction to Norway • History • Demographics • Culture • Culture and Business • Government • The Economy • Business Schools

  3. Tromsø Norway: Climate • Varies from north to south and depends on elevation Sognefjellhytta Oslo

  4. Natural Resources • Richly endowed with natural resources • Petroleum • Hydropower • Fish • Forestry • Minerals and mining • Highly dependent on petroleum sector • Accounts for half of all exports and 30%+ of total state revenue • Third-largest gas exporter in world • Down to 7th globally in crude oil exporter as production declined

  5. Environment • Environmental Problems • Water pollution • Acid rain • Air pollution • Government Response • “Norway is to be an international leader in environmental policy” • Working to achieve international agreement on climate change • Seeks global emissions cut 85% by 2050 • Wants to ensure polar regions monitored closely

  6. History • 1814 • Part of Denmark • Naval Blockade by King of Sweden • Declared an independent country • Joined with Sweden in union later in year • 1905 • Union was dissolved • Norway became fully independent

  7. History • Remained neutral in both WWI and WWII, but occupied by German forces for most WWII • 1960’s • Discovery of Oil and Gas reserves • Became very rich • Fund extensive social welfare system

  8. Demographics • Death Rate: One of lowest in world(8.6 for 1,000) • Women Average Life: 83.1 years • Men Average Life: 78.6 years • Birth Rate:10.9 births for 1,000 people • Growth Rate: 0.33%

  9. Demographics: Population

  10. Demographics: Population

  11. Demographics: Ethnic Groups • Five largest immigrant groups: Polish, Swedish, Pakistani, Iraqi, Somali • Other immigrant groups: Armenians, Greeks • Ethnic Issues • Integration: language problems • Employment: unusual names do not get interviews • Crime

  12. Demographics: Class Structure • Welfare state • Equitable distribution of wealth • Responsibility for the less fortunate • Equal health care, pension, education • Norwegian values: people, environment • More equitable than in other countries

  13. Demographics: Family Structure and Roles • Number of children: 75% have 1 or 2 siblings, 20% have 0 • Waiting longer: Average age 26 (up 3 years from 1970) • Children live with biological parents • Not necessarily married • 46% of children born to unwed parents (1995) • Parents more physically present • Maternity/Paternity Leave • Ten days of leave per year to care for child • Work-Life balance (less work hours)

  14. Demographics: Religion • When born, automatically added to list of Protestant Christians unless “sign out” of the church. • When baptized, registered as members of Church of Norway • Many remain in church to use services, which have strong cultural standing • Baptism • Confirmation • Marriage • Burial

  15. Demographics: Religion • Christianity: Evangelical Lutheran Church (82.7%) • Other religious or philosophical communities (8.6%) • Roman Catholics • Orthodox Christians • Jews • Hindus • Buddhists • Sikhs • Non-religious (8.7%)

  16. Demographics: Religion • Least religious country in Western Europe • Statistics: • 29% Believe in a church or deity • 70% Say they have faith • 32% Practice their faith • 12% Attend church services each month • 26% Atheist

  17. Demographics: Education • Graduation Rates • Elementary: 100% • High School: 90% (within 5 years) • University: 70% attend, 41% graduate • Literacy Rate: 99% • Public education is free, so very few private schools

  18. Demographics: Education • Higher Education: • Admissions: General University Admissions Certificate • Types of Colleges • Universities • University Colleges • Private Schools

  19. Demographics: Education • Universities: 70 total institutions • 7 universities • 9 specialized universities • 24 university colleges • Various private university colleges • Higher Education: • 90% Public Institutions • 10% Private Institutions

  20. Demographics: Education • Private Institutions • Primarily in courses that have limited spots in public schools • Most are foundations, either autonomous or religious • Pay school fees equivalent to entire cost of education • Norwegian Loan Fund System • Apprenticeship Programs

  21. Demographics: Employment • 1980: less than half of Norwegian women were employed or active job seekers. • Since 1972, weekly work time for men has decreased by five hours (a.k.a. they work less) • 1970s to 1983/1984 recession, unemployment near 2% • 2009: unemployment was 3.2%

  22. Demographic: Employment • Majority of adult population in Norway is employed. • 70% women work • 80% men work • 2.3 million person labor market

  23. Culture: DimensionsKluckhohn & Strodtbeck

  24. Culture: DimensionsHofstede

  25. Culture: DimensionsHofstede

  26. Culture: DimensionsHofstede

  27. Culture: DimensionsTrompenaar & Hampden-Turner

  28. Culture: DimensionsTrompenaar & Hampden-Turner

  29. Culture: Values • Individualistic society: comparable to U.S. • Value Hard work, honesty, modesty • Environment-friendly • Value animal protection • Health conscious

  30. Culture: Values • Geographic position: Scandavia • Jante Law • High success and achievement negatively portrayed • Emphasis on collective success • Gives sense of modesty; Egalitarian outlook • Negative light on those who do not conform • Ironic because individualistic society

  31. Culture: Customs • Greet with handshake, eye contact, smile • Gift giving only at Christmas or closing deal • Tipping not expected, but not uncommon • Holidays • Constitution Day: May 17 • Christmas • New Year’s Eve • Midsummer’s Eve (Summer Solstice) • Easter (non-religious)

  32. Culture: Communication • Language • Norwegian: 95% first language • Most fluent in English • Many speak Swedish, Danish, German, French, and Spanish • Topics • Avoid: government, culture, salary, family, personal background, complaints high cost of living • Okay: Norwegian culture, politics, nature, environment, current events, travel

  33. Culture: Leisure & Arts • Sports • Skiing: National Sport • Handball • Soccer • Fishing: Deep sea, Freshwater • Hiking (autumn, late summer) • Dog Sledding (winter) • Scuba Diving • Mountain Climbing Handball

  34. Culture: Leisure & Arts • Landscape Painters: Dahl, Kielland, Baker, Thaulow • Karveskurd (chip carving) • Rosemaling (rose painting) • Most Famous Artist: Edvard Munch “The Scream”

  35. Culture: Food & Eating • Be punctual • No business discussion during casual dining • Table manners: use utensils • Toasts • Offer to help clean up • Reciprocate invitation

  36. Culture and Business:Conflict & Negotiation • If possible, avoid conflict • If not possible, deal with directly or have mediator • Decisions by consensus • Cost-driven • Straight-to-the-point • No bargaining • No discounts • Commitments must be honored

  37. Culture and Business: Ethics • 2010 Freedom Score: 69.4 (37th most free in world) • Transparency International Corruption Perception Index: 14th of 179 countries • 2010: 10th least corrupt country in world (above US!) • Corrupt activity: criminal offense • Freedom to start, operate, and close a business • Starting business: average of 7 days (world average: 35) • Obtaining license: less than world average of 18 procedures • Bankruptcy: Simple and straightforward

  38. Culture and Business: Impressions of Americans • Hollywood-like OR fat and lazy • Friendly but loud • Only interested in America • Convenient: Drive-thru restaurants • Shopping • These views are similar to what other European countries believe

  39. Culture and Business: Impressions of American Businesses • Efficient • Individuality, imagination, initiative, inventive, independence of mind • Often approving: brainstorming Mecca • High regard • Students go to study in the US • Business schools going to American-style curriculum

  40. Culture and Business:Business Relationships • Member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) • Founding member of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) • G10 group within WTO • Traditionally strongest trade relationships with closest geographic neighbors

  41. Culture and Business: Business Relationships • Casual leadership culture • Low power distance • Less formal • Employees’ input valued • Egalitarian • Promotions: achievement • Leader’s Role: Harness talent of employees

  42. Culture and Business:Management Practices • Values hard work • Motivating employees • Give challenging tasks • Benefits other than salary (tuition) • Organizational structure: Depends on size • Large: Hierarchy • Small: Flat

  43. Culture and Business:Women in the Workplace • Strong presence: 50% of workforce • Government positions: 50% women • President of Parliament • Commissioner of Oslo Police • President of University of Oslo • Business positions: • Executives: 3.5% women • Middle Managers: 7.5% women • Work conflicts with “home duties”

  44. Culture and Business:Human Resources Practices • Not well trained prior to employment • Classes very lecture-oriented • Few presentations compared to USA • Laws • No national minimum wage • Working Environment Act: Safety + Benefits • Recruiting: Interviews (similar to United States) • Promotions: Based on individual achievement

  45. Culture and Business:Human Resources Practices • Compensation • Base salary • Vacation time: 21 days • Public Holidays • Sick time & Maternity leave • Disability • Extras: bonuses, company car, cell phone, newspaper • Pension • National: Required contribution from employer and employee • Company: Required defined benefit or defined contribution • New Law 2006: Based on years and salary

  46. Culture and Business:Business Practice Norms • Similar to United States • Clothing dependent on individual company • Generally less formal • Business cards: given, but no distinct tradition • Work week • 40 hours per week • 9 hours per day • Overtime: 40%+ normal hourly rate • Sundays and Public Holidays are statutory holidays

  47. Culture and Business:Business Practice Norms • Meetings • Plan early • Be on time! • Very little small talk • Very straightforward • At beginning, shake hands • Build trust: Don’t change project • Emphasize facts, benefits, and profitability • Show usefulness and technical quality • Keep deadlines

  48. Culture and Business:Business Practice Norms • Dos & Don’ts • Do be on time • Do keep to your project’s schedule • Be careful about culture-related humor • Don’t give gifts excessively • Don’t give the hard sell • Don’t misinterpret their less expressive body language • Don’t interrupt the speaker • Don’t complain about the cost of living • Don’t smoke without asking

  49. Government • Norway is a unitaryconstitutional monarchy • Parliamentary system • King of Norway is the head of state • Prime Minister is the head of government • Similar to UK • Welfare state

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