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how do clouds form and precipitation types (Do not write what is in blue)

how do clouds form and precipitation types (Do not write what is in blue). RRB 120-121. What is weather?. Weather: short-term condition of the atmosphere at a given location Short-term means a few hours or days.

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how do clouds form and precipitation types (Do not write what is in blue)

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  1. how do clouds form and precipitation types(Do not write what is in blue) RRB 120-121

  2. What is weather? • Weather: short-term condition of the atmosphere at a given location • Short-term means a few hours or days

  3. Weather conditions that concern us most: temps, sky conditions, precip, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed and wind direction • Meteorologists: A scientist who studies and predicts the weather

  4. How weather works • Earth gets most of its energy in the form of radiation (heat and light) from the sun

  5. Solar energy is not the same all over the planet-Weather helps distribute solar energy • Without weather, we would face extreme temp changes between day and night, from season to season and from place to place

  6. How are weather variables related? • The daily temperature cycle of the atmosphere affects pressure, wind speed and relative humidity

  7. Winds are primarily the result of uneven heating of the atmosphere, most of which happens during the day • Water vapor leaves the atmosphere by condensation at night and enters the air by evaporation during the day

  8. How do clouds form and cause precipitation? • Cloud: made of billions of tiny droplets of water too small to fall through the atmosphere • Clouds form when rising air is cooled to its dew point

  9. As air rises, it expands (less pressure), and therefore cools • Air rises due to: high temps and/or humidity or a weather front • As air sinks, it compresses (more pressure), and therefore warms

  10. Condensation nuclei: surface on which water condenses on to (ex. Dirt) • If the air is too clean, no clouds will form

  11. Determining Cloud Formation Height • Both air temp and dewpoint decreases as the air rises- air temp decreases faster

  12. Determining Cloud Formation Height (write) • Along the bottom, find the air temp (solid line) • Find the dew point (dotted line) • Where the two lines meet is the height at which the cloud forms

  13. Sample Problems • How high must air rise to form a cloud if the air temperature is 32 degrees C and the dew point is 12 degrees C? • If the surface dew point is 17 degrees C and the surface temperature is 24 degrees C, at what height will a cloud form?

  14. NOW TRY SOME ON YOUR OWN • What is the altitude of a cloud base if the dry-bulb temperature is 18 degrees C and the dew point is 8 degrees C?

  15. What is the altitude of a cloud base if the dry-bulb temperature is 32 degrees C and the dew-point is 28 degrees C?

  16. What is the dew point if the altitude of a cloud base is 1.5 km and the temperature is 24 degrees C?

  17. What is the dry bulb temperature if the altitude of a cloud base is 2.5 km and the dew point is 12 degrees C?

  18. What is Precipitation? • Precipitation: water in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail • Cloud droplets or ice particles must join together to become heavy enough to fall through the atmosphere

  19. Most precipitation starts as snow and melts on the way down

  20. Types of precipitation • Precip. is measured using a rain gauge • Precipitation cleans the atmosphere

  21. Atmospheric Transparency and Visibility • Atmospheric Transparency: How clear the atmosphere is; determines how easily insolation can pass through the air • The more pollution, aerosols, dirt and ash, the less transparent the atmosphere is (lowering temps slightly)-DOES NOT INCLUDE GREENHOUSE GASES

  22. Visibility: how far you can see along the Earth’s surface express in miles • The poorer the atmospheric transparency, the lower the visibility

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