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Insights into Harappan Culture and the Emergence of Aryan Influence

The early Indus Valley Civilization, known for its impressive Harappan culture, thrived along the Indus River. This civilization boasted meticulously planned cities with straight streets and impressive architecture, including elaborate bathing facilities connected to sophisticated sewer systems. The people engaged in agriculture, livestock raising, and trade, including cotton exports to the Middle East. Following a decline around 2000 B.C., the Aryans, nomadic warriors, entered the region, bringing new iron technology and establishing a social class system that influenced the future of South Asia.

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Insights into Harappan Culture and the Emergence of Aryan Influence

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  1. Early Indus Valley Civilizations

  2. Harappan Culture • Located in the Indus Valley along the Indus River • Lived in large, well laid out cities • Straight streets that were lined with bricks • Walls around the city

  3. Cities • Built warehouses to store food for the city • Elaborate bathing facilities with drains that linked to sewer systems

  4. Great Bath

  5. Did Harappa look like this?

  6. Harappa Street

  7. Life outside of the City • People who lived outside of the city farmed. • Raised cattle, sheep, goats, and water buffalo. • First to grow cotton. • Traded goods such as cotton with people in the Middle East.

  8. Writing • Used pictographic writing on clay seals. • Unable to decipher the pictographs which means there are many questions about the Harappa culture.

  9. Harappa Seal

  10. Decline of Harappa Civilization • Around 2000 B.C. the city became run down. • Streets were broken, large houses were divided into smaller homes and towns were abandoned. • Could this have been because of the climate?

  11. Arayans • Nomads • Warlike • Entered South Asia through the Hindu Kush Mountains

  12. Aryans • Learned how to make iron tools and weapons from people in the Middle East. • It took the Aryans hundreds of years to come and gain control of Harappa.

  13. Aryan Culture • Vedas – Hymns, prayers, and rituals • Polytheistic • Gods were very different • Sacrifices to gods (food and drink)

  14. Aryan Culture • Made sacrifices in order to receive wealth, good health, and success in war. • Placed great value on cattle.

  15. Aryan Social Classes • Varna – made of 4 classes • Brahmans – priests • Kshatriyas – warriors • Vaisyas – landowners, merchants, herders • Sudras – servants and peasants

  16. Caste Systems Caste – A ridged social class system where your social group is determined when you are born.

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