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Ancient Civilizations of the Indus River Valley

Ancient Civilizations of the Indus River Valley. Mrs. Smith's World History ETJH. India. Ancient Cities of the Indus River Valley. Indus Valley civilization. Right: artist’s recreation of Mohenjo-Daro Below: Great Bath ruins. The Government.

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Ancient Civilizations of the Indus River Valley

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  1. Ancient Civilizations of the Indus River Valley Mrs. Smith's World History ETJH

  2. India

  3. Ancient Cities of the Indus River Valley

  4. Indus Valley civilization • Right: artist’s recreation of Mohenjo-Daro • Below: Great Bath ruins

  5. The Government • The civilization of the Indus Valley had a strong government which: -enforced strong building codes i.e. bricks were all the same size -built straight streets & sewer system -had separate districts for public and private buildings -some buildings had bathing facilities

  6. What do we know about Mahenjo-Daro and Harappa? • System of writing • People farmed, worked metal crafts & pottery, wove cotton & traded goods • Religious beliefs • Made toys and beads for jewelry • Complex architecture and city planning • System of weights & measures • Public bath • Garbage system

  7. Were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations?Why?

  8. Harappa

  9. Harappan Weight System These weights were the Harappan weight system that was used in all of the settlements. These weights were found in recent excavations at Harappa and may have been used for controlling trade and possibly for collecting taxes. Harappa Archaeological Research Project.

  10. Harappan Tale • Folk TaleRaja Ali is from one of the oldest families in Harappa. He tells a popular story about the ancient city: "Four or five hundred years ago, no four or five thousand years ago, there was a king who made a law that every woman who was married would have to spend the first night with him. This continued for some time until a close relative was married and he insisted on this right as well. Afterwards, [God] destroyed the city as punishment."

  11. 1st Indus Seal found at Harappa in 1872

  12. Mohenjo-Daro

  13. Decline of Indus Civilization • Climate changed? • River changed course? • Soil Depletion? • Inmigration/outmigration? • Overpopulation? • Corruption? • ? ? ? ?

  14. Disappearance of Harappan Civilization • Vanished suddenly around year 1700 BC • Archaeologists suspect (think) this was because of either monsoon, flood, or earthquake. Based on the geography of the area, would it be possible for one of these natural disasters to wipe out this civilization? Hint: think New Orleans

  15. The Aryans Arrive • They came from the north through the Hindu-Kush mountains. • Brought with them new technology of the Egyptians- chariots drawn by horses. • Left behind the Vedas with stories & songs • Aryans formed groups with priests as leaders –this is the beginning of the caste system

  16. The Varna 1.) Brahmans – the priests 2.) Kshatriyas – the warriors 3.) Vaisyas – the landowners, merchants, and herders 4.) Sudras – the servants and peasants Over time the Varna became the more rigid caste system

  17. Brahmins Priests & teachers Kshatriyas Warriors, kings & other rulers Vaisyas Artisans, traders & merchants Sudras Serfs, peasants-ordered to work the land and serve others. Caste System

  18. Brahmin Priest

  19. Kshatriyas were warriors, rulers or landowners

  20. Vaisyas- merchants/traders

  21. Sudras

  22. Harijan Untouchables

  23. Questions • What did the Aryans leave behind that tells us about their culture? • From which direction did the Aryans come? • What makes a civilization? What evidence do we have that Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro were or were not civilizations?

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