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Unit 2

Unit 2. Energy Flow & Nutrient Cycling. All ENERGY begins with the SUN. The sun is the primary source of energy for most living things. Organisms get their energy from the sun or eating other things. Law of Conservation of Energy/Matter.

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Unit 2

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  1. Unit 2 Energy Flow & Nutrient Cycling.

  2. All ENERGY begins with the SUN The sun is the primary source of energy for most living things. Organisms get their energy from the sun or eating other things.

  3. Law of Conservation of Energy/Matter Energy cannot be created nor destroyed it simply transfers from one form to another.

  4. Lg. Fish Sm. Fish plankton sun

  5. 5 Levels of Environmental Organization of Life Biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms

  6. Biotic Factors • Biosphere – life-supporting layer of Earth • Biotic factors – ALL living organisms in a biosphere.

  7. Abiotic Factors • Nonliving factors in an environment • Examples: • Air currents • Temperature • Moisture • Light • Soil

  8. Energy Connection • Producer- an organism that makes its own food; plants are producers. • Consumer- an organism that needs to eat other organisms (plant or animal) for its food. • Decomposer- organisms that break down previously living organisms and their waste; bacteria and fungi are decomposers.

  9. Energy Pyramid Transfer of Energy • Only 10% of energy is transferred from organism to organism. • Example: • It takes 100 kgs of plant materials (producers) to support 10 kgs of herbivores • It takes 10 kgs of herbivores to support 1 kg of 1st level predator

  10. Energy Pyramid Diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy.(p. 487) 10% Decreasing population & energy. 10% 100%

  11. Trophic Levels Each step in a food chain or web (p. 484-5) Sun > Producer; grass > Primary Consumer; rabbit (herbivore) > Secondary Consumer; coyote (carnivore) > Tertiary Consumer; scavenger (omnivore) > Decomposer; bacteria, fungi.

  12. Consumers • Herbivore- an organism that eats primarily plants. • Carnivore- an organism that eats primarily other animals. • Omnivore- an organism that eats both plants and animals.

  13. Food Chain: A diagram illustrating a simple feeding relationship among organisms. It shows how energy and matter are transferred through the environment.

  14. Biomass vs. Biomagnification • Biomass- the total weight of all living organisms in each trophic level. (primary, secondary, & tertiary consumers) • Biomagnification- the process of contaminants becoming increasingly concentrated at each higher trophic level in a food chain or web.

  15. THE FOOD WEB • The food web shows that ALL energy is transferred & recycled among organisms and their environments. • All organisms are important to maintain the balance of energy in a food web.

  16. Food Web

  17. Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs

  18. Food Web

  19. Water cycle • Evaporation • Transpiration • Precipitation • Runoff • Groundwater

  20. Carbon cycle • Combustion • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Decomposition • Fossil fuels

  21. Nitrogen cycle • Atmospheric nitrogen • Runoff • Fertilizers • Decomposition • Nitrogen fixing • Synthesis of amino acids

  22. Organisms All organisms depend on one another and their environments for survival.

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