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Aim: How has the office of the presidency shaped contemporary American Society?

Aim: How has the office of the presidency shaped contemporary American Society?. Do Now: Obtain Review Packet #14 Look over key terms and questions for this unit. Copy this Chart: As we watch the video clips, please fill it in…. Video Clips….

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Aim: How has the office of the presidency shaped contemporary American Society?

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  1. Aim: How has the office of the presidency shaped contemporary American Society? Do Now: Obtain Review Packet #14 Look over key terms and questions for this unit

  2. Copy this Chart: As we watch the video clips, please fill it in…

  3. Video Clips… • http://www.history.com/topics/lyndon-b-johnson/videos#lbj-civil-rights-and-vietnam • http://www.history.com/topics/richard-m-nixon/videos#watergate-ends-nixon-presidency http://www.history.com/topics/ronald-reagan/videos#the-great-communicator

  4. Lyndon B. Johnson! Lyndon Baines Johnson was sworn in Nov. 22, 1963, 2 hours after Kennedy’s assassination aboard Air Force One… The first present to ever be sworn in there.

  5. The War On Poverty Making poverty a national concern set in motion a series of bills and acts, creating programs such as Head Start, food stamps, work study, Medicare and Medicaid, which still exist today. The programs initiated under Johnson brought about real results, reducing rates of poverty and improved living standards for America's poor. LBJ declared unconditional war on poverty Jan. 9, 1964.

  6. And it's working! IT’S A WAR ON POVERTY!

  7. 1964 Civil Rights Act The 1964 Civil Rights Act made racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, restaurants and hotels, illegal. It also required employers to provide equal employment opportunities. Projects involving federal funds could now be cut off if there was evidence of discriminated based on color, race or national origin. It also attempted to deal with the African-American voting rights. LBJ signed the Civil Rights Act on July 2, 1964

  8. The Great Society of Lyndon B. The Great Society was a series of domestic initiatives announced in 1964 by President Lyndon Johnson at Ann Arbor, Michigan. A main focus of these social reforms to "end to poverty and racial injustice" was the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The efforts also helped establish the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Other programs included: VISTA, Job Corps, Upward Bound, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Head Start, and an unconditional war on poverty! LBJ calls for reforms to make his Great Society on Jan. 4, 1965

  9. The Great Society? Let's hear it for the Statue of...

  10. Medicare Act MEDICARE begins tomorrow. Tomorrow, for the first time, nearly every older American will receive hospital care-not as an act of charity, but as the insured right of a senior citizen. Since I signed the historic Medicare act last summer, we have made more extensive preparation to launch this program than for any other peaceful undertaking in our Nation's history. -LBJ Lyndon B. signed the Medicare act into law July 3, 1965

  11. Vietnam LBJ calls for funding to escalate the war in Vietnam… A record $112.9 billion for fiscal 1967. He does this on Jan. 24, 1966

  12. Miranda Vs. Arizona On June 13, 1966, The Supreme court determined that criminal suspects cannot be arrested without being advised of their constitutional rights and responsibilities.  Before any questioning, police must warn suspects that they have a right to remain silent.  Any statements they do make can be used as evidence against them.  They have the right to have an attorney present and if they can't afford an attorney one will be appointed without charge.  Those are called the Miranda Rights.

  13. You have the right...

  14. American Malaise • Soft America and “decline” of American power • OPEC and Oil Embargo • Stagflation • De-Industrialization • Iranian Hostage Crisis (Nov. 1979) • Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew Shah of Iran • 50 Hostages for over a year • Failed rescue effort • USSR invaded Afghanistan (Dec. 1979)

  15. Ronald Reagan • CA. Governor Reagan • Anti-communist • “Black and white” • “New Day in America” • Charismatic • Channeled anger of mainstream white America at minorities, immigrants, feminists, taxes, affirmative action, big government

  16. Reagan’s Conservative Vision • Vietnam was a “Noble Cause” • Renew the Cold War • American Power • Patriotism • Traditionalism • State’s Rights • “Individualism” • Feel Good

  17. Reaganomics: “Trickle-Down” • DOD spending up 45% • $3 trillion debt, 1981-9 • Rising # of Fortune 500 companies • Expansion of “working poor” • Decline in real wages • Household debt • Deregulation and Savings & Loan Crisis $500 b • Ketchup is a vegetable • Tax cuts boosted elite incomes • Privatization and deregulation

  18. The New Class Warfare • De-industrialization • 1 million manuf. Jobs lost in 1982 • Growth of non-union service sector, minimum wage jobs • Unions lost millions of members • Federal subsidies to corporations

  19. Iran-Contra Affair, 1980s • 1979 election in Nicaragua • Sandinistas • U.S. opposed them • Sold military land & weapons to Iran (Khomeini), in return for release of hostages • Used weapons against Iraq • Gave $ to “Contras” who fought Sandinistas • Col. Oliver North • Illegal sale of US property w/o Congressional approval • Aid to Contras violated the Boland Amendments

  20. “The Culture Wars” • Abortion • Immigration • Affirmative Action • Bilingual Education • Multiculturalism • Communism • Homosexuality • Taxation • Church and State

  21. Continued… • HIV-AIDS • God’s punishment • Desegregation • State’s Rights • School Prayer • Abortion • Operation Rescue • Affirmative Action • Hand-outs

  22. Immigration • 1964 law • 8 million legally • 1986 IRCA (Reagan Administration) • Legalization • Nominal fines • Southeast Asia & Latin America • Reasons • Economics • Obstacles • Culture wars, racism • INS/Border Patrol, Operation Hold the Line, Gatekeeper • Propositions against bi-lingual education and public schooling, health care for undocumented immigrants

  23. Cycles of Anti-Immigrant Fear 1910s 1990s

  24. International Events • End of the Cold War • Reagan: “Evil Empire” • Mikhail Gorbachev • Fall of the Berlin Wall • Collapse of USSR • Reagan took credit for the end of the Cold War

  25. Bush I to Bush II: The 1990s • Post Cold War • Unclear foreign policy • Who is the enemy now? • Focused on domestic issues • Gulf War • NAFTA • New Democrats • Balanced Budget • Immigration • 2000 Election

  26. George I: 1988-1992 • Connecticut Family • Director of CIA • VP to Reagan • Invasion of Panama • Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War • Over 60% of global oil

  27. Middle East • Persian Gulf War of 1991 • Iraq invaded Kuwait • Sent 200,000 troops to Saudi Arabia (Desert Shield) warn Saddam Hussein • Increased troops to 430,000 and in February 1991 invaded Iraq to free Kuwait • Control of the media, “smart bombs”, and Colin Powell’s “overwhelming force” doctrine

  28. Continued • Americans with Disabilities Act • Clean Air Act • Corporate Mergers • Computers, Autos, financial industry • Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act, 1988 • Indian Casinos • 1991 Rodney King, police brutality, and “riots / rebellion” in Los Angeles • Police acquitted • Over 50 died, $1 billion in damage

  29. A “New Democrat”: 1992-2000 • Arkansas Gov. • Working class, single parent household • Charismatic • Sexual issues… • Opposed Vietnam War • New Democrat • Fiscally conservative • Socially moderate • Multilateralism

  30. Main Issues and Events • Tried to allow gays and lesbians to openly serve in the military • Failed. Cultural conservatives and military leaders opposed it. “Don’t ask, don’t tell.” • Tried to reform health care system to benefit the poor and uninsured. • Failed. Pharmaceutical industry, doctors, republicans opposed it. • Balance the Budget. • Succeeded. Returned taxes on the rich back to previous levels. Cut spending. Increased tax credit for low income families

  31. Early 1990s • Post-Cold War era • No communist “menace” • Base closures • Economic growth • Wealth discrepancies, “knowledge economy” • Demise of Unions • Deep political divisions • Ongoing “Culture Wars” • Global Warming and environmental pollution • Consumer Debt

  32. “Contract with America” • 1994 Congressional Elections • Newt Gingrich • Speaker of the House • Welfare “Reform” • Balanced Budget • More prisons & harder sentences • Defense spending • End abortion • 39% voted

  33. Continued… • Bill and Monica • Cover-up • House: Articles of Impeachment • Senate: No • 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement • 1994: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade • 1995: Oklahoma City and Timothy McVeigh

  34. The 2000 Election • Most bitterly contested election in 100 years • Gore/Lieberman • Moderate populism • Shadow of Clinton • Bush/Cheney • “Compassionate Conservative” • Roughly ½ of eligible voters went to polls • Voting irregularities • Florida

  35. The Aftermath…. • Close election in Florida • Bush lead pop vote in FL, Gore wanted recount in 4 Democratic counties • Ballot irregularities, inaccurate registration, incomplete lists, old voting machines, butterfly ballots, hanging chads • Katherine Harris (R-Sec State & manager of Bush campaign in FL) refused recount, declared Bush winner • Florida Supreme Court approved recount • Bush appealed to U.S. Supreme Court • 5-4 Court supported Bush and ruled against it • Gore won national popular vote • Bush won electoral college vote (Mainly because all ballots were not counted in FL, he kept the 27 electoral votes)

  36. Bush II • Reversal of Clinton’s policies • $1.3 Trillion tax cut • Economic recession • Globalization and Y2K • Rolled back environmental protection • 2000 census and multiple identities • Immigration, borders and cheap labor

  37. US & Globalization • The very same capitalist system promoted by the US, exported globally, brought changes to the US • Immigration to US fueled by globalization and movement of capital, search for cheap labor • Global capital left the US, wages declined, cheap goods imported, produced by lower wage workers • Attack on unions, benefits, entitlements • “Wal-Mart economy” • Small population, massive resource use & pollution • 2000 Mexico was second largest trading partner • Cultural intermixture vs. fear and reaction

  38. September 11th, 2001 • Attack on World Trade Center • Nearly 3,000 dead • Islamic fundamentalists attacked symbol of economic and cultural imperialism OR economic freedom and opportunity… • Bush became a “War President” • Osama Bin Ladin

  39. Invasion of Iraq, 2003--??? • Bush administration tied 9/11 attacks, Bin Laden and Al Qaeda to Iraq and Saddam Hussein • No ties, no links • Global terrorist threat and “Axis of Evil” • Remake the Middle East into pro-Western democracies favorable to the US • “Mission Accomplished” • War dragged on…Where’s Bin Laden? • Several trillion dollars

  40. Election of Barak Obama • Constitutional Lawyer, Harvard Law Review • Bi-racial • Moderate/liberal • Economic crisis • Health Care • National debt • Crippled GOP

  41. Conclusions • History is who we are • Multiple perspectives • Evidence, sources, argument • Skepticism and free thinking • People make history • Resistance and criticism are healthy • Multiple views of patriotism • Justice, equality, human rights

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