1. The Progressive Era

2. I. Government and Legislative Reform • Restructuring Government • New forms of city government • City government changed to prevent “machine” rule • Developed city management plans • Changes in state government • Direct primary – voters not party bosses choose candidates for general election • 17th Amendment – direct election of Senators • Initiative – citizens able to introduce legislation • Referendum – proposed legislation submitted to voters for approval • Recall – allowed voters to remove an elected official from office by holding a special election

3. Consumer Protection • City officials established building codes • Pure Food and Drug Act established the Food and Drug Administration to protect consumers from unsafe medicines and meats

4. Labor Reform • Worker compensation laws passed in most states by 1916. • Minimum age requirement of child worker’s set. • Mueller v. Oregon (1908) limited women’s working hours

5. Moral Reform • Anti-Saloon League (1893) intensified the long-standing campaign against drunkenness and its cost to society. Joined Women’s Temperance Union • 18th Amendment – outlawed sale, manufacturing, and transportation of liquor • Prohibition