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Proteins!

What are some sources of protein?. Proteins!. Organic Molecules - Proteins. Properties of Proteins: Proteins have a very specific SHAPE! Proteins are made of chains of amino acids The monomer is: __________________ The polymer is: ___________________

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Proteins!

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  1. What are some sources of protein? Proteins!

  2. Organic Molecules - Proteins Properties of Proteins: • Proteins have a very specific SHAPE! • Proteins are made of chains of amino acids The monomer is: __________________ The polymer is: ___________________ • When two amino acids stick together – water is released (A condensation reaction!) • We use 20 amino acids that each have a different side group (R group). • The different R groups change the properties of the amino acid. Image: www.rothamsted.ac.uk/.../courses/guide/aa.htm

  3. The 20 Amino Acids

  4. Organic Molecules - Proteins A dipeptide is two amino acids linked together. A polypeptide is more than two amino acids linked together. Image: homepages.ius.edu/GKIRCHNE/biomolec.htm

  5. What happens when you cook an egg? Why can’t you turn it back into a raw egg?

  6. Primary Structure • String of Amino Acids (Sequence of Amino Acids) The sequence is important! Amino acid substitution: hemoglobin; sickle-cell anemia

  7. Secondary Structure • Coils & folds (held by hydrogen bonds) Two kinds: • Alpha Helix: • coiling • (Beta) Pleated Sheet: • Zig-zag

  8. Tertiary Structure • Twisting from R group bonding Caused by: • Hydrophobic / Hydrophilic sections • Covalent bonds (usually bonds between sulfur atoms) • hydrogen bonds • ionic bonds • Acidic or Basic sections

  9. Quaternary Structure • 2 or more amino acid chains stuck together Examples: • collagen (connective tissue) • hemoglobin

  10. Levels of Protein Structure Every protein has at least three levels of structure, and some four. . Image: www.answers.com/topic/rosetta-home

  11. Remember: A protein has a specific shape and needs to be that shape to function!

  12. How to Destroy a Protein • Denaturation! • • Change a proteins shape by… • Adding heat • Adding acid or base • • A denatured protein can’t carry out its function. It needs to be the right shape to work!

  13. Ways to “cook” (denature) proteins Add Acid Add Heat Add Base

  14. Organic Molecules - Proteins Functions of Proteins: 1. ________________ • Structure in cell walls, membranes, and within cells. 2. ________________ • Chemicals that speed up, or increase the chance of a chemical reaction happening. 3. ________________ • Can start or stop other proteins or tell the DNA to make more proteins. 4. _________________ • Some act as channels and “pumps” that move things into or out of cells. 5. _________________ • Antibodies = proteins that defend your body against microorganisms • Some bacteria produce proteins that kill other bacteria.

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