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Understanding Proteins: Functions, Examples, and Importance in Biology

Proteins are versatile macromolecules essential for numerous biological functions. Composed of chains of amino acids, they play crucial roles such as hormones (like insulin), structural components (such as collagen in skin), and enzymes (like pepsin for digestion). Each protein's function is determined by its unique 3D shape, which is affected by conditions such as temperature and pH. From muscle movement to immune defense, proteins are vital for maintaining life and health. This overview highlights various examples and applications of proteins in our daily lives.

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Understanding Proteins: Functions, Examples, and Importance in Biology

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  1. Proteins

  2. Proteins: Multipurpose molecules

  3. insulin pepsin collagen (skin) Proteins Examples • muscle • skin, hair, fingernails, claws • collagen, keratin • pepsin • digestive enzyme in stomach • insulin • hormone that controls blood sugar levels

  4. Proteins • Function: • many, many functions • hormones • signals from one body system to another • insulin • movement • muscle • immune system • protect against germs • enzymes • help chemical reactions

  5. H | —C— | H amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid – – – – C—OH —N— O || H Proteins • Building block = amino acids • 20 different amino acids There’s20 of us… like 20 differentletters in analphabet!Can make lots of differentwords variable group

  6. amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Amino acid chains • Proteins • amino acids chained into a polymer • Each amino acid is different • some “like” water & dissolve in it • some “fear” water & separate from it

  7. Water-fearing amino acids • Hydrophobic • “water fearing” amino acids • try to get away from water in cell • the protein folds

  8. Water-loving amino acids • Hydrophillic • “water loving” amino acids • try to stay in water in cell • the protein folds

  9. collagen For proteins: SHAPE matters! • Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape • that’s what happens in the cell! • Different shapes = different jobs growthhormone hemoglobin pepsin

  10. It’s SHAPE that matters! • Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape • Unfolding a protein destroys its shape • wrong shape = can’t do its job • unfolding proteins = “denature” • temperature • pH (acidity) unfolded“denatured” In Biology, it’s not the size, it’s the SHAPEthat matters! folded

  11. Let’s EAT some Proteins!

  12. Activities • demo raw egg vs. cooked egg • drop raw egg into boiling water, like egg drop soup • compare raw egg to hard-boiled egg • demo cheese-making with heated milk & vinegar • make yogurt

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