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Grade 9 Chemistry Review

Grade 9 Chemistry Review. Agenda. Atomic Theory and Atomic Numbers Counting Atoms Physical and Chemical Properties Periodic Table Trends Classifying Matter Physical and Chemical Change. Atomic Numbers. 29 protons, 29 electrons, 35 neutrons 64 protons, 64 electrons, 29 neutrons.

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Grade 9 Chemistry Review

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  1. Grade 9 Chemistry Review

  2. Agenda • Atomic Theory and Atomic Numbers • Counting Atoms • Physical and Chemical Properties • Periodic Table Trends • Classifying Matter • Physical and Chemical Change

  3. Atomic Numbers • 29 protons, 29 electrons, 35 neutrons • 64 protons, 64 electrons, 29 neutrons • Copper has: • 29 protons, 29 electrons, 29 neutrons • 29 protons, 29 electrons, 64 neutrons

  4. Orbiting Electron e- p+ Nucleus no Model of the Atom

  5. Subatomic Particles

  6. What is the atomic number? 17 19 10 Cl chlorine K potassium Ne neon 36 39 20 Atoms and Numbers • atomic number • number of protons in an atom • number of electrons in a neutral atom • periodic table is organized by atomic number

  7. Atoms and Numbers • mass number • the sum of the protons and neutrons • mass # - atomic # = # of neutrons

  8. no p+

  9. What is the mass number? 17 19 10 Cl chlorine K potassium Ne neon 36 39 20 Atoms and Numbers • mass number • the sum of the protons and neutrons • mass # - atomic # = # of neutrons How many neutrons in each?

  10. mass number atomic number atomic number mass number Standard Atomic Notation Cu 64 29

  11. 17 mass number Cl chlorine 36 atomic number Standard Atomic Notation Cl 36 17

  12. Your Turn

  13. Counting Numbers • How many atoms of each element are in the following compound: 2 Ni3(PO4)2 • N = 6 atoms, P = 1 atom, O = 8 atoms • N = 6 atoms, P = 2 atom, O = 16 atoms • N = 3 atoms, P = 2 atom, O = 8 atoms • N = 6 atoms, P = 4 atom, O = 16 atoms

  14. Counting Atoms • When determining how many atom of each element are in a molecule we look at subscripts and coefficients • Subscripts are small numbers to the right of an element symbol. They tell you how many atoms of that particular element there are. • Ex H2 • = 2 atoms of hydrogen

  15. Counting Atoms • Subscripts outside of brackets apply to all elements inside the brackets • Ex Mg3(PO4)2 = • Mg = 3 atoms • P = 2 atom • O = 8 atom

  16. Counting Atoms • Coefficients are regular numbers to the left of an element or compound. Coefficients affect ALL of the elements in the compound. • Ex 2 H2O = • H = 4 atoms • O = 8 atom

  17. Test Your Knowledge • State whether the following properties are physical or chemical AND qualitative or quantitative • salt is white in colour • 4 ml of salt dissolves in water • salt is non-toxic

  18. Physical Properties • Physical properties: are words and/or numbers that describe matter’s appearance or characteristics • Colour • Melting temperature • Boiling temperature • Texture • Taste • Smell • State • Hardness • Malleability: the ability to be hammered or pressed into a new shape • Ductility: the ability to be deformed without losing toughness; flexible, not brittle • Density: describes how much matter fits into a certain space • Conductivity: the ability to conduct thermal energy or electricity • Solubility: the ability to dissolve in another substance • Viscosity: the degree to which a fluid resists flow

  19. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties: are words or numbers that describe how the matter interacts with other matter • Reacts with water • Reacts with air • Reacts with pure oxygen • Reacts with acids • Reacts with other pure substances • Toxicity • Stability • Combustibility: the ability of a substance to burn • Flammability: how easily something catches on fire

  20. Practice • For the following properties, identify if they are physical or chemical • A sample of water is 45 ºC • Salt dissolves in water • Books burn at 455 ºF • Copper is a good conductor of electricity physical physical chemical physical

  21. Qualitative vs Quantitative • Qualitative:a property that is not measured and is based on the quality of the substance • (e.g.) colour, taste, smell • Quantitative: a property that is measured and has a numerical value • (e.g.) temperature, boiling point

  22. Practice • For the following properties, identify if they are qualitative or quantitative • A sample of water is 45 ºC • Baking soda reacts with vinegar • Books burn at 455 ºF Quantitative Qualitative Quantitative

  23. Periodic Table • Which is the most reactive family on the periodic table? • What do families on the periodic table have in common? • What do periods on the periodic table have in common? • How is the periodic table organized?

  24. Periodic Table The periodic table is an organized way of displaying information about elements. Elements are organized by placing them in order of increasing atomic number

  25. Period Group 1 2 17 18 1. Alkali Metals 2. Alkaline Earth Metals 17. Halogens 18. Noble Gases Periodic Table period: a horizontal row in the periodic table of elements group or chemical family: a vertical column in the periodic table

  26. Metals and Non-Metals Non-metals have these similar characteristics Dull Brittle Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Metals have these similar characteristics • Silver • Shiny • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Malleable • Ductile • Reacts with acid

  27. Fill in the following chart Element Pure Substance Mixture Solution Pure Substance Compound Mechanical Mixture Mixture

  28. Classifying Matter By State Gas Liquid Solid

  29. Pure Substances Mixture Element Compound Mechanical Mixture Solution Classifying Matter Matter

  30. Physical and Chemical Change • Identify the following as a chemical or physical change. • Sugar dissolves in tea. • Magnesium produces a bright white light when it burns. • A nail rusts. • A beaker is dropped and breaks.

  31. Physical Change • Physical changes happen when a change in appearance happens to matter. In a physical change, no new matter is formed. • For example, • when you melt ice to make liquid water, no new matter has been formed • when you drop a glass beaker and it smashes into pieces, no new matter has been formed

  32. Chemical Change • Chemical Changes happen when the changes involve the formation of new matter. Something new has been formed. • Evidence of a Chemical Change • A permanent colour change. • Solid forms in a solution. The solid is called a precipitate. • Bubbles form in a solution. The bubbles are evidence that a gas has been produced. • Heat or light is produced. • For example, • When you bake a cake from the ingredients • When you burn a match

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