CHAPTER II ICT AND LANGUAGE LEARNING

1. CHAPTER IIICT AND LANGUAGE LEARNING SUNG IN GUK GUSWANDI AHMAD WAZIN FOVI SRIYULIAWATI

2. INTRODUCTION The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has permeated the application of computers in language in the language process. A computer as a medium is used for the sake of facilitating people in learning, such as learning a language.

3. Roles of Computers in Learning Process • Computer offers some advantages for students in their learning process. One of the advantages of a computer is that is more interactive aid compared with other media, such as tape recorder, film projectors and, such common equipment – chalk and blackboard. • In a particular case, the computer may act as a teacher or tutor, providing material, guiding a student how to learn it, and giving more information and explanation.

4. Computers and Language Learning The development of Information and Communication Technology that has followed the development of computer technology has stimulated people especially those who work in the field of education, such as teachers, curriculum planners and media designers, to endeavour to carry out experiments and studies on the possibilities of utilising computers for educational purposes.

5. The results of studies related to the effectiveness of computer-mediated language learning and the theory supporting the role of individual differences in language learning achievement.

6. Issues Regarding the Change of Methods of Language Teaching Hartoyo (2006) asserts that for much of its history, English language teaching has been shaped by the search for the “one best method” of teaching the language.

7. The Development of Language Teaching Methodology • Grammar Translation Method • The Direct method • Audio-Lingual Method • The Silent Way • Suggestopedia • Community Language Learning • The Total Physical Response • Communicative Approach • Computer AssisstedLanguage Learning

8. ICT Tools and Utilisation in education Context There are some kind of technologies classified into information and communication technology commonly used in language context as follows

9. Interactive Multimedia It is a technology which helps to accommodate two or more media such as text, graphic, audio, moving video, static video or animation to become a computer based application. Multimedia is commonly used in website.

10. 2. Computer A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. The element of computer consists of Hardware and Software

11. 3. Audio devices Audio devices can be used with other media (e.g. computer) to form an interactive multimedia. Audio devices include CD or DVD player, Web-based audio content (audio file/podcast), audio cassette recorder and other supporting appliances such as earphone or speaker.

12. 4. Internet It’s able to communicate and learn activities through email, the World Wide Web, text, audio and video conferencing are now became part of courses and classes.

13. 5. Television Television is a system for converting visual images (with sound) into electrical signals, transmitting them by radio or other means, and displaying them electronically on a screen (Oxford-cod).

14. 6. Telephone and VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. In shorts, it allows people to converse using voice massage via internet.

16. 7. Mobile Gadget Laptop, notebook, netbook and iPad are now commonly used both by students as well as teachers. There are also mobile gadgets such as like cell phone and smart phone which are equipped with programs like computer, which enable it to perform as mini personal computer.

17. 8. Social Interface This media provides facility or example that enables an interaction between human and computer. People set up more interaction with computer in a more intuitive way and with less effort-trough writing, voice, touch, eye movement, and other gesture.

18. 9. Interactive Whiteboard An Interactive whiteboard (IWB) is a large interactive display (such as a touch screen monitor) which is connected to computer and projector. A projector projects the computer’s desktop onto the board’s surface, where users control the computer using a pen, finger or other devices.

19. Current Application of ICT in Language Learning ICT is generally defined as technology functioning to support the process of conveying information and communication. With the development of ICT, the communicator and communicant can communicate through telephone, internet, email, satellite, television, video conference, etc.

20. Fitzpatrick and Davies (2002) outline seven ways in which ICT used in language learning : 1. Presentation 2. Practice A wide range of different exercise types are possible to be provided with ICT, incorporating the presentation of stimuli in varying combinations of text, audio and video format. 3. Authoring In applying ICT in language learning, teacher can either purchase ready-made materials or create their own exercise materials using a variety of authoring tools.

21. 4. Computer-Aided Assessment (CAA) CAA is playing an increasingly important role in foreign language teaching and learning.5. PublishingA number of tools exist to help teachers and learners work on their writing/publishing collaboratively, often linked in a local are network.

22. 6. CommunicationLanguage learners and teachers can use technology to help them communicate with one another.7. SimulationsThe computer can act as a stimulus which generates analysis, critical thinking, discussion and writing.

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