Ribston Hall High School, Gloucester 11-18 Selective Grammar School - Academy Humanities Specialist School since 2005

1. Ribston Hall High School, Gloucester 11-18 Selective Grammar School - Academy Humanities Specialist School since 2005 Girls only up to Year 11, mixed Sixth Form

2. Our aims were…… • Enable students to be more knowledgeable about local, national and global issues • Empower students to be able to make a difference • Challenge stereotypes and negative images • Develop students’ PLaTS – esp. team workers, self managers and independent enquirers • Practice peer coaching • Disseminate resources, lesson plans and good practice

3. Year 7 Humanities • 1 lesson per fortnight • Taught by History, Geography and R.S teachers • ‘Who are the British? 2000 years of immigration’ SOW in place already – historical emphasis • Added 3 new lessons to look at current immigration issues • 1. Economic migrants • 2. Asylum seekers and refugees – 2 lessons

4. Economic migrants lesson • Case Studies • Group work – ‘broken pieces’ approach • Discussion • Challenging stereotypes

5. Lessons on asylum seekers and refugees • Myths and facts • Challenging stereotypes • Refugee Week 2011 June 20-26 • ‘Simple Acts’ • Peer coaching observations

6. Immigration Today Asylum Seekers and Refugees

7. With a partner, look up and write down the meanings of the following words associated with refugees Refuge Refugee Asylum Displaced person Persecution Torture Atrocity Civil War

8. Refugees • Definition: ‘Someone who is forced to leave their country and seeks protection in another country because of a well founded fear of persecution in their own country…’ • All people have a legal right to do this under a 1951 Convention (agreement) signed by 134 countries – including Britain • When a refugee arrives in a new country, they are known as an ‘asylum seeker’ • They have their case considered and if they are granted asylum, they then have official refugee status • Millions of people are forced to leave their homes every year around the world because of war, persecution, violence and lack of safety Imagine how you would feel if tomorrow you had to flee your home and family in fear of your own safety. Who would you turn to? Where would you go? How would you cope?

9. Refugees in Britain • Historical examples include the Huguenots • Modern examples – see map below • Have made a significant contribution and impact on British history and culture for example, the Mini car, Marks and Spencers, Fish and Chips and the London Eye – typically seen as British - are all products of refugees. Famous refugees include Albert Einstein, the singer Mika and the supermodel AlekWek. • The UK currently takes less than 3% of all the world’s refugees and asylum seekers, in fact most refugees go to much poorer and less developed countries • Usually only around 60% are granted refugee • Status – the rest are told to return to their • country of origin • Many asylum seekers and refugees live in • Poverty and hardship in the UK • Many also face prejudice and persecution • from people here in the UK

10. Video Clip defining the concept of refuge and giving some views on refugees http://www.refugeeweek.org.uk/InfoCentre/film-clips

11. Myths and Facts about Refugees Write today’s date and the title above Work in pairs, use the hand-out to find evidence to ‘bust’ these myths about refugees in the UK Write the myth, then write 1 piece of evidence to challenge it “Refugees are lazy and don’t want to work” “Britain is a ‘soft touch’ for refugees” “Refugees get council houses and lots of benefit money” “Refugees come here for no reason – they come from countries that are safe” “Britain takes in too many refugees – loads more than other countries”

12. http://www.refugeeweek.org.uk/simple-acts/

13. Useful resources • www.refugeeweek.org.uk • Info centre – resources • ‘Global Communities’ – free educational resource pack • ‘Money, Mobiles and Mayhem’ information pack • www.refugeeweek.org.uk/simple-acts

14. Evaluation • Peer coaching observations revealed that there were some issues with timings of tasks and the students’ ability to locate the relevant information in the pack • But – a success in terms of changing attitudes and opinions • Feedback on their ‘Simple Acts’ homework and the reflection sheets

15. Before the lessons and at the end of the first lesson……………………. They come over here and they just get given houses and money Why do they come here anyway? There aren’t enough houses and jobs for the people who live here already. Too many of them come here and we haven’t got enough to give them. I still don’t understand why so many of them come here

16. After the lessons and the Simple Act homework ………………… Some of them are very skilled but they are not allowed to work at first Now I know they don’t take our money or jobs. I didn’t know that the UK only takes less than 3% of the world’s refugees They come here not just because of wars but also other much more serious reasons and they have a hard time I didn’t know that Gloucestershire only supports about 60 refugees

17. Year 7 Geography • 3 lessons per fortnight • Taught by 3 Geography Specialists • ‘Globalisation’ Scheme of Work about to begin. • Added 2 new lessons as students have studied their own area (Gloucester) in a previous unit and to balance this we look at a global dimension • Within PSHE lessons students have raised money for LEPRA – a leprosy charity working in Africa and have written to students in Uganda where a link has been set up and have sent shoes to Kenya with the army.

18. Starter: • Your Challenge is to come up with as many things that you know about Africa as possible…. • Think about where it is, what it is like, who lives there, what have you found out about it – think about your PSHE lessons… • Describe places, smells, people, animals…. Show what me what you know!

19. Responses: Lots of poor countries Diseases

20. But did you know……. • There are 54 countries in Africa with South Sudan officially joining on July 9th this year. • There are 3000 distinct ethnic groups who live there and only 75% are black. • There are over 2000 languages spoken. • Almost half of the worlds chameleons live in Madagascar and one of the biggest penguin colony resides in South Africa. • There are 280,000 windmills in Africa – second in number only to Australia. • South Africa has 11 universities that match the standard of Oxford and Cambridge.

21. Which is Africa / Which is the UK?

22. Which is Africa / Which is the UK?

23. HOW TO WRITE ABOUT AFRICA IN FIVE EASY STEPS 1. Always treat Africa as if it were one country. Don't get bogged down with precise descriptions. Africa is big: fifty-four countries, nine hundred million people who are too busy starving and dying and warring and emigrating to read your book. 2. Adopt a sad, I-expected-so-much tone. Establish early on that your liberalism is impeccable, and how much you love Africa. Africa is to be pitied, worshipped or dominated. Whichever angle you take, be sure to leave the strong impression that without your intervention and your important book, Africa is doomed. 3. Always include a Starving African, who wanders the refugee camp nearly naked, and waits for the generosity of the West. She must never say anything about herself in the dialogue except to speak of her (unspeakable) suffering. Moans are good. 4. Use broad brushstrokes throughout. But describe in detail naked breasts or strange face painting or body art and piercings. And dead bodies. Or, better, naked dead bodies. And especially rotting naked dead bodies. 5. Treat animals as well rounded, complex characters. They speak (or grunt while tossing their manes proudly) and have names, ambitions and desires. They also have family values: see how lions teach their children? Elephants are caring, and are good feminists or dignified patriarchs. Elephants may attack people's property, destroy their crops, and even kill them. Always take the side of the elephant. By BinyavangaWainaina

24. So we need evidence to challenge the following thoughts…. 1. Africa is one big country that is all the same. 2. Africa is doomed. 3. All Africans are starving and want money from the west. 4. the only interesting thing about Africa is naked bodies. 5. All animals in Africa are lovely cuddly animals that have feelings.

25. What do students now say? • “Parts of Africa are rich.” • “People have big ambitions.” • “There are jobs such as accountants, lawyers, businessmen and software engineers.” • “Africans are not the same, they don’t sound the same, look the same or live in the same way.” • “South Africa has lots of theatres, music venues, cinemas and nightclubs.” • “Some people are as healthy as us.” • “It is a lie that Africans do nothing to help themselves.” • “It is important to acknowledge the refugees and those living in poverty but they cannot be the only image of Africa – it’s not realistic.”

26. Useful resources • http://www.granta.com/Magazine/92/How-to-Write-about-Africa/Page-1 - This is the original article • www.nationalgeographic.com (there is a student friendly website linked to the main site) • http://facts.randomhistory.com • www.africaguide.com • http://www.maryknollafrica.org – Very useful for further web links. 

27. Year 8 History • SOW about the Transatlantic Slave Trade • 6-7 weeks – about 10 lessons • Added 2 new lessons – Africa before slavery and the legacies of slavery • Changed the content of the lesson on abolition to reflect the contributions from black abolitionists, slaves and women

28. Get into groups of 3 Try to put the pictures in the right order When might these pictures have been taken? (Remember that the Transatlantic Slave Trade was legally abolished in 1807) Be ready to explain your decision!

29. This photograph shows workers cutting cane in Jamaica in about 1880. The workers are posed to depict a seemingly happy natural scene, taking a break from their work. Some are chewing on the cane they have cut. The man on the right wearing a suit and hat may be the European plantation manager or owner. Although they were no longer slaves at this time, the conditions for the workers were not much better and harvesting sugar cane was still back-breaking work.

30. This photograph shows a group of kidnapped African people who have been released by the Royal Navy in 1882. The Navy was active in trying to stop illegal trade in slaves by British people who broke the law, and to deter other countries from continuing the trade. This trade continued until the late 19th century. The photograph shows Africans freed from slavery, but not necessarily returned to their homes. Many slaves freed by the British were sent to the region around Freetown, Sierra Leone, where many freed slaves had set up a town. Although the British had stopped trading in slaves earlier in the century, they still bought goods produced by slavery, particularly cotton from the United States until 1865.

31. This is a photograph taken by a missionary worker. It was given the title 'Slavery in Zanzibar', and was taken in about 1890, long after slavery was officially abolished. The boy was being punished by his Arab master for a slight offence. The log weighed 32 pounds (about 14.5 kilos), and was chained to the boy’s ankle. He could only move by carrying the log on his head.

32. This photograph was taken in about 1900, over 60 years after slavery was abolished in the British Empire, and 35 years after it ended in the United States. The photo shows a black maid playing with a little girl. The family had employed De’ah as a maid when she was only fourteen. De’ah’s mother had been a slave in the U.S.A. Although De’ah was free, she had little option but to work as a domestic maid because she was not educated or qualified. Although there were also many white servants, De’ah’s skin colour probably reinforced her position as a servant, a hierarchy established through slavery. This is a 20th-century photograph, which tells us that although we often think of slavery as something that happened in the 18th century, its influence has lasted much longer.

33. Learning Targets • To know that slavery continued around the world after 1807 • To know what some of the legacies of the slave trade are • To understand how the legacies of the slave trade impact our lives today • To develop our skills as Team Workers and Independent Enquirers • Success Criteria • Analyse a timeline to find key dates in the emancipation of slaves • Analyse a range of sources to reach conclusions about some of the legacies of the slave trade • Be able to explain your conclusions about the legacies of the slave trade • Work collaboratively with your group to share ideas and make conclusions

34. Write today’s date and the title ‘The Legacies of the Slave Trade’ • Stick the timeline sheet into your book • Find and highlight the following events: • Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in British colonies • The year when there were still 2 million slaves in the US; 311,000 slaves in Jamaica • The year that full emancipation was granted to slaves in the British Caribbean • The year that the French granted emancipation to slaves • The abolition of slavery in America • The abolition of slavery in the last European country to do so • The American Civil Rights Act Is there anything that surprises you about these dates? Be ready to share your answers!

35. A Legacy = something that is left behind. Could be seen or felt a short time or a long time after an event or a person has gone. Can last a short or long time. Legacies can be material things such as buildings, objects or money Legacies can be cultural – such as art, music or literature Legacies can also be feelings and attitudes Legacies can have a positive or negative impact Although the slave trade was made illegal, its legacy was very strong at the time and is still felt today

36. Legacies of the Slave Trade SOURCE WHAT IT SHOWS ABOUT A LEGACY OF THE SLAVE TRADE QUESTIONS What is the legacy? Who does it affect? Is it negative or has it had some positive effects? Did the legacy last a long time – is it still around today? In groups of 3 Look at the source, READ THE INFORMATION CAREFULLY and analyse it using the headings above Remember to read the extra information to help you 3 minutes on each source

38. British advert for Pear’s soap, c.1810 Shows the differences that people thought existed between Black and White. It reinforced the stereotype of black skin as dark and undesirable, while white was superior and pure. Images such as this are seen as racist today.

39. A French postcard, c.1900 This postcard shows the representation of Black people through racist stereotypes. ‘Picaninny’ characters were black children, shown with bulging eyes, wild hair, red lips and wide mouths. They were seen as tasty morsels for alligators. They were often shown on postcards and posters being chased or eaten. They were portrayed as nameless, lazy, natural clowns, running from alligators towards their favourite food, fried chicken.

40. A Black American drinks from a ‘coloreds only’ drinking fountain in 1930s America. After the abolition of slavery in the Southern States of America in 1864, laws known as ‘Jim Crow’ laws were put in place to separate white and black people. They had different restaurants, theatres, schools, and different parts of the buses and trains. Even the army was segregated. The facilities for Black people were usually inferior. ‘Jim Crow’ - or segregation – was finally made illegal in America in 1965

41. Photo from the Notting Hill Carnival, London 2010 One tradition of carnival comes from Trinidad and Tobago in the West Indies Some slaves on the plantations held carnival events as a form of resistance and to keep their culture alive Carnival had music, dancing, costumes and stories of their history This cultural tradition spread around the world following the end of the slave trade and is enjoyed by millions of people. It is often seen now as a way of bringing people together.

42. Billie Holiday, Blues and Jazz singer, 1940s and 50s Black music has had a significant impact in the 20th and 21st centuries Different types of West African music were brought to America and Europe as a result of the slave trade Slaves sang songs on the plantations to help them cope with the work and to keep their traditions alive Its influence can be felt in lots of genres such as blues, jazz, rock ‘n’ roll, gospel, reggae, soul, r ‘n’ b, pop and rap

43. A Nairobi slum, 2011 Between the 15th and 19th Centuries, it is estimated that up to 12m Africans were forced onto European slave ships and taken across the Atlantic. This huge and sustained loss of fit, healthy, young people prevented many African countries from being able to develop their industry and farming. This created a situation where they fell behind Europe and the USA. As a result, although there has been lots of economic development, many Africans now live in extreme poverty

44. Throne of weapons sculpture, 2001 This artwork was made from guns that were used in a recent Civil War in Africa. The European demand for slaves provided a lucrative business for the African slave raiders. Many of the slaves were prisoners of war, and going to war was a way of capturing slaves to sell to European traders. Also, some Africans fled to other parts of the continent to escape being captured as slaves. This caused conflicts and long-lasting divisions between some of the African peoples, which in some cases remain. European slave traders were also greatly responsible for the introduction of guns and gunpowder to Africa.

45. Harewood House stately home, near Leeds, built in the 1750s This house, and several other of England’s famous stately homes, was built by a British businessman who made his money from the slave trade. It is now an award winning tourist attraction Some English cities, such as Bristol and Liverpool developed into rich cities with beautiful buildings and parks we can still see and use today as a result of money from the slave trade

46. Bag of sugar The slave trade changed the diet, lifestyle and habits of people around the world. In Britain, people began consuming sugar in greater amounts Other goods that came into Britain as a result of the slave trade included cotton, tobacco, rice and rum.

47. Map of Africa 1914 The disruption and loss to the population of Africa caused by the slave trade meant that many African countries could be easily taken over by European armies and governments. This map shows that by 1914, most of Africa was controlled by European countries. This was called ‘colonisation’. Many natural resources such as gold and diamonds were taken. Whilst there were some benefits to some countries, colonialism is viewed as having been harmful to the development of most countries and the cause of much conflict and war

48. Could you put these legacies into 2, 3 or 4 different categories? Discuss in your groups and be ready to feedback Be ready to highlight/underline them when we have chosen our categories – 4 different colours with a key

49. Useful resources • Liverpool Slavery Museum website • Understanding Slavery Website • Europe Africa poster and information pack from RISC

50. Other actions • Planned and resourced a lesson with a PGCE student for Y9 History on the legacies of the Holocaust, eg: loss of Jewish life and culture from Europe; Human Rights Act; impacts of racism and prejudice and modern genocides • Cross-curricular English/History lessons – Campaign project. Changed the campaign to ‘Send my Sister to School’ • Year 10 PSHE&C – 2 lessons on asylum seekers • Year 9 PSHE 3 lessons on Fair Trade