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Outline

Outline. Woman Suffrage in Texas to 1914 Prohibition in Texas to 1914 James Ferguson as Governor, 1914-17 Victory for Suffrage & Prohibition. Woman Suffrage. TX women = no voting rights since the Republic Many TX women joined growing nat’l movement for the vote (many also refused).

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Outline

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  1. Outline • Woman Suffrage in Texas to 1914 • Prohibition in Texas to 1914 • James Ferguson as Governor, 1914-17 • Victory for Suffrage & Prohibition

  2. Woman Suffrage • TX women = no voting rights since the Republic • Many TX women joined growing nat’l movement for the vote (many also refused)

  3. Minnie Fisher Cunningham • Galveston pharmacist who headed the TX Equal Suffrage Association • Publicity through writings, speeches, public rallies & political lobbying

  4. Prohibition • Effort to criminalize sale & manufacture of alcohol • Until 1919, “local option” in effect -- each town/county determined local alcohol rules

  5. “Drys” • Supporters of Prohibition: • Rural folk in North & Central TX, mostly on religious grounds • Doctors who regarded alcohol as unhealthy • Businessmen who wanted sober workers

  6. “Wets” • Opponents of Prohibition: • most Germans, Czechs, & Hispanics • Anglos disagreeing w/ gov’t power over personal behavior • By 1914, wets barely kept voters from approving a state constit. amendment banning liquor

  7. James Ferguson (I) • Opposed Prohibition + woman suffrage • Elected gov. in 1914 by splitting the dry vote: • Supported aid for rural schools + limit on tenant farmer rents

  8. James Ferguson (II) • Re-elected in 1916; involved in fight w/ UT during 2nd term • Wanted to cut UT funding, remove some faculty & appoint a new UT president

  9. James Ferguson (III) • UT alumni joined other Ferguson opponents to investigate the gov. • Some evidence found: misuse of state funds + illegal gifts received • Move to impeach

  10. James Ferguson (IV) • TX House of Reps. impeached Ferguson • Resigned, but the TX Senate convicted him anyway • Barred from ever holding a state office

  11. William Hobby • New gov.; Houston newspaper man • Supported Prohibition & woman suffrage • TX Legis. + majority of Texans voted for statewide Prohibition amendment (1919)

  12. Morris Sheppard • US Senator from Texas • Sponsored the 18th Amendment establishing nationwide Prohibition • Ratified in 1919; in effect until repealed in 1933

  13. Passage of Woman Suffrage (I) • Hobby signed state law allowing women to vote in primaries • He wanted a state amendment allowing full suffrage • Rejected in 1919 vote

  14. Passage of Woman Suffrage (II) • TX. Legislature was 1st in South to ratify a fed. suffrage amendment • 19th Amendment ratified (1920) banned states from denying vote based on gender

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