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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure. Lesson Objectives: To know what is atomic structure. To be able to draw the structure of atoms of the first 20 elements in the periodic table. Distance to the sun Height of Mt Everest Human Grain of sand Sugar molecule. Measurements in metres 100,000,000,000 10,000

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Atomic Structure

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  1. Atomic Structure Lesson Objectives: To know what is atomic structure. To be able to draw the structure of atoms of the first 20 elements in the periodic table.

  2. Distance to the sun Height of Mt Everest Human Grain of sand Sugar molecule Measurements in metres 100,000,000,000 10,000 1.5 0.0001 0.000000001 Look at the size of THAT!! ATOM 0.0000000001

  3. How small?!?!?? • If you pretended a whole atom was the size the new Wembley Stadium, its nucleus would be the size of a pea in the middle of the pitch.

  4. Let’s Model!!

  5. What’s in an atom anyway? There are 3 different particles within an atom: • Protons – with a charge of +1 and a mass of 1 • Neutrons – with no charge and a mass of 1 • Electrons – with a charge of -1 and a mass of 1/2000 (i.e. almost 0)

  6. Where might one find these particles? • In the nucleus we find neutrons and protons (the big heavies). • The overall charge of the NUCLEUS is + • Whizzing around the nucleus are electrons (the little guys).

  7. What keeps it all together? • The nucleus in an atom is positively charged • Opposite charges attract each other so the positive nucleus attracts the negative electrons -ve electrons -ve electrons +ve nucleus -ve electrons

  8. Do the electrons just fly around at random? • Electrons are arranged in different shells around the nucleus. • The innermost shell is filled first and then the rest until each is filled. • There is a fixed number of electrons that each shell can hold.

  9. Electron configuration

  10. Do I know what is atomic structure? • Complete the worksheet.

  11. Atomic number • Atoms are neutral (i.e. they have no charge) • So this means………….. number of protons = number of electrons • We call the number of protons an element has the ATOMIC NUMBER (a.k.a. the PROTON NUMBER)

  12. Mass number • Remember!!!! • Protons have a mass of 1. • Neutrons have a mass of 1. • Electrons have a mass of 0 (almost). Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

  13. So, every element…. • …has its own atomic number and it’s own mass number.

  14. Can I use this knowledge to draw atoms of an element? • Draw the atomic structure of the following elements (remember to use the atomic number and mass number to work out the particles in an atom): • Lithium (atomic number: 3; atomic mass: 7) • Carbon (atomic number: 6; atomic mass: 12) • Chlorine (atomic number: 17; atomic mass: 35) • Complete the quiz at: http://www.docbrown.info/page04/4_71atom/4_71atomQ.htm

  15. The Atom Song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUzTQWn-wfE

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