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Mechanical Energy Storage

Mechanical Energy Storage. Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU Lecturer B.E. (VI semester) 0133ME081015. CONTENT. INTRODUCTION TYPES OF STORAGE FUNCTION OF STORAGE.

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Mechanical Energy Storage

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  1. Mechanical Energy Storage Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU Lecturer B.E. (VI semester) 0133ME081015

  2. CONTENT • INTRODUCTION • TYPES OF STORAGE • FUNCTION OF STORAGE

  3. INTRODUCTION • Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of energy to perform some useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator • Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.

  4. Three Types of Storage • Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) • Compressed air energy storage (CAES) • Flywheels

  5. Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS) • Used for load balancing of energy • Water is pumped up in elevation during time of low demand • Water flows back down during times of high demand • Turbines recapture the energy.

  6. Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS) • 70-85% of electrical energy is recovered • Energy loss due to evaporation and Pump/generator inefficiency • Currently the most cost effective way to store large amounts of electricity • Low energy density calls for large bodies of water • Never used in portable technology • 1000 kg at 100 ft = .272 kWh

  7. Pumps: On the Grid • The Us has 19.5 gigawatts capacity • 2.5% of baseload • Technology is in use world wide • Hundreds of plants around the world • Man made reservoirs as well as natural reservoirs

  8. Future Of PHS • This energy storage can be used to level the grid for renewable energy • Wind power and solar power are not constantly on • Using salt mines to increase energy density

  9. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) • Large tank is buried underground • During times of low demand electricity compresses air • During times of peak demand compressed air is heated and released http://www.sandia.gov/media/NewsRel/NR2001/norton.htm

  10. Adiabatic storage Heat from compression is captured and stored in a solid or liquid Hot Oil 3000C Molten Salt 6000C Heat is reincorporated during release Close to 100% efficiency No utility scale plants Diabatic storage Heat is lost through cooling Natural gas is burned to reheat compressed air Very inefficient 38-68% Uses 1/2 gas of an all gas plant Types Of CAES

  11. More about CAES • Can use sandstone layer to hold compressed air • USA has good ground for this type of storage • Can be used to level load from wind and solar • 200-300 MW Plants

  12. Compressed air in Cars • Zero pollution Motors • Stores air at around 300atm • Under 35 mph it is zero emissions • Over 35 mph uses combustion engine to compress air • Runs on many different types of fuel • 1 air tank + 8 gal gas= 848 miles

  13. Fueling/Refueling • Flex engine runs off of gas, diesel, alcohol, possibly even vegetable oil • Refueling air tank at refuel station about 3 minutes • Home refuel unit takes 4 hours, electrical cost $2 • 3 cents per mile

  14. Future of Air Vehicles • Flowair- release in 2010 • First needs to pass US safety ratings • 6 seats • 106 mpg • 800-1000 mile range • Top speed 96 mph • $17500

  15. Flywheels • Captures energy in a rotating Mass • Flywheel is charged using electric motor • Electric generator extracts energy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:G2_front2.jpg#filehistory

  16. Operation Of Flywheel • Energy held in Spinning Rotor (Steel or Carbon composite) • Steel rotors can spin at several thousand rpm • Carbon composite spin up to 60k rpm • Kinetic Energy 1/2mv2 http://www.aretepower.us/images/Composite%20Flywheel%20Rotor.jpg

  17. Bearings • Mechanical bearings not practical • Friction is directly proportional to speed • Magnetic bearings used to minimize friction • Rotor is suspended- state of levitation • Operates in a Vacuum

  18. Superconductors • New technology uses high temperature superconductors (HTSC) • HTSC operate at -1960C or -3210F • Diamagnetism- creates a field of opposition to a magnetic field • Hybrid systems use conventional magnets to levitate and superconductors to stabilize

  19. Energy Stats

  20. THANK YOU

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