Rough Drafts A = 4 B = 3 C = 6

2. Rough Drafts • A = 4 • B = 3 • C = 6

3. Use SAA style in text • Use SAA style in references cited section • DO NOT USE DIRECT QUOTES • Gerunds stronger at start of a sentence • “Medieval thinking was characterized by spiritualism and the concept of degeneration using the Bible as the main source of information” • Place prepositions at the start of sentences • That/which • Had been/was • Submit revised abstract with the paper • Archaeology is never w/o method or theory. • “The beginnings of the discipline were simple and with out [sic] method or theory…” • Monumental • National archaeology, is it always negative? • MODERN STANDARDS!!!

4. 24 Aug

5. Term Paper:Some Preliminary Considerations • Title and Abstract: Define a problem right away. Requires independently working ahead. • Outline: Must use Word outline function • Rough Draft: A final draft that will be revised. • Final Draft: No further options for revision

6. 29 Aug

7. Abstract Checklist • Motivation: Why do we care? • Problem: What is being solved? • Approach: How is problem solved? • Results: What is the answer? • Conclusions: What are the implications? http://research.berkeley.edu/ucday/abstract.html

8. Do • Help the reader understand what the essay is about. • Up front, state the problem or purpose of the essay. • The first sentence of is ideally a question. • Use headings to separate sections. • Restrict prose under a heading to the theme of the heading.

9. Do not • Rely on gimmicks and attempts to be cute or clever. • Use multiple metaphors. If metaphors are used, employ them sparingly. • Employ complex sentence structure • Use passive voice extensively

10. 7 Sept

11. Artifacts • Misunderstanding of artifacts. • They are not just precious museum objects. • They do not have to “earn” their status or make mighty journeys to attain artifact-hood. • Essentially all material culture is composed of artifacts. This includes the extremely mundane and the elaborate or sacred.

12. Overstatements • “Without taking into account the context a particular item was found in, the item becomes useless to the scholarly world.” • “Everything we find in the dirt beneath our feet can provide infinite information regarding past cultures.” • “This research has decisively shown that dirt is not a cultural artifact.”

13. Utilize • Never needed. • Use always works instead. • Avoid scientistic phrasing. It is pompous, alienates readers, and adds nothing to the discussion.

14. That and which: which is it?

15. Use of “we” in a discussion. • We will explore the pros and cons of considering dirt a cultural artifact. • Not accurate phrasing.

16. 14 Sept • Paper must emphasize the history of research • An important site • A key method • An influential individual or school of thought • Paper not the recounting of recent interpretations of some case study. An interrogation of how thought has changed. • Define a case study. • Heavy use of emphasis dash • Additional proofing • That/which

17. 23 Sept

18. Referencing • Reference when… • Making a fact claim • Borrowing an idea from someone else • Why reference? • Provide the reader with a service • Acknowledge inspiration • How to reference in the text? • Seventeenth century antiquarianism focused on genre rather than provenience (Trigger 2006:58). • According to Trigger (2006:58), seventeenth century antiquarianism focused on genre rather than provenience.

19. Referencing Style:American Antiquity http://www.saa.org/Portals/0/SAA/Publications/StyleGuide/styleguide.pdf

20. Referencing Style:American Antiquity http://www.saa.org/Portals/0/SAA/Publications/StyleGuide/styleguide.pdf

21. 3 Oct

22. Many papers are about specific case studies. • Many outlines contained interesting detail. • Lacked a statement of the question at the outset. • Need to justify why a specific case study is interesting or relevant to a given question.