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2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes

2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes. Thoracic membranes: Walls of right and left compartments are lined with parietal pleura (“ pariet ” = wall; “ pleur ” = rib) Lungs are covered with visceral pleura (“viscera” = organs in a body cavity)

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2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes

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  1. 2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes • Thoracic membranes: • Walls of right and left compartments are lined with parietal pleura (“pariet” = wall; “pleur” = rib) • Lungs are covered with visceral pleura (“viscera” = organs in a body cavity) • Pleural cavity – fluid-filled “space” between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes • Heart is surrounded by pericardial membranes (“peri” = around; “cardi” = heart) • Visceral pericardium • Parietal pericardium • Pericardial cavity

  2. Fig. 1.7a

  3. Fig. 1.7b

  4. Fig. 1.8

  5. 3. Organ Systems a. Body covering - Integumentary System b. Support and Movement: • Skeletal System – support • Muscular System - movement c. Integration and Coordination: • Nervous System – brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs • Endocrine System - all the glands that secrete hormones

  6. 3. Organ Systems (cont.) d. Transport: • Cardiovascular System – flow of blood • Lymphatic System – transports tissue fluid back to the bloodstream e. Absorption and Excretion: • Digestive System – receives, breaks down, and absorbs food • Respiratory System – moves air in and out, and exchanges gases between blood and the air • Urinary System – removes waste from blood; maintains water and electrolyte balance f. Reproductive System – produces offspring

  7. Anatomical Terminology Describes: • Relative Positions of body parts to each other • Body Sections – cutting or sectioning the body along various planes • Body Regions

  8. Relative Positions • Superior – above (or closer to the head) • Inferior – below (closer to the feet) • Anterior (ventral) – toward the front • Posterior (dorsal) – toward the back • Medial – middle (closer to the R-L midline) • Lateral – side (further from the R-L midline) • Proximal – closer to a point of attachment • Distal – further from a point of attachment • Superficial – near the surface (shallow) • Deep – more internal (further from the surface)

  9. Fig. 1.7a

  10. Fig. 1.7b

  11. Body sections are divided by planes

  12. Body Sections • Sagittal Plane • lengthwise (head-to-toe) • divides body into left and right sections • Median – along midline; midsagittal • Transverse Plane • horizontal • divides body into superior and inferior sections • Coronal Plane • Frontal • Divides body into anterior and posterior sections

  13. Fig. 1.11

  14. Body Regions of the Abdominal Area • Epigastric Region – upper middle portion • Left and Right Hypochondriac Regions – to the sides of the epigastric region • Umbilical Region – middle portion • Left and Right Lumbar Regions – to the sides of the umbilical regions • Hypogastric Regions – lower middle portion • Left and Right Iliac Regions – to the sides of the hypogastric region

  15. Fig. 1.13a

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