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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Printing in Linux. Objectives. In this chapter, you will: Configure and use the traditional Linux printing architecture Understand the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) Print files from different applications Locate and relieve system bottlenecks

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Printing in Linux Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  2. Objectives In this chapter, you will: • Configure and use the traditional Linux printing architecture • Understand the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) • Print files from different applications • Locate and relieve system bottlenecks • Manage networked printing resources Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  3. Using Traditional Linux Printing • The traditional Linux printing architecture is called LPRng and is based on the system developed for BSD UNIX • LPRng printing allows multiple users to print files at the same time to either local or networked printers Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  4. The Printing Process • Printer definitions, or print queues describe the type of printer and the features to be used when something is printed on it • The file submitted for printing is called a print job • The print job is processed by a print filter • After sending the print job through a print filter, the printing utility stores the print job in a print spool directory • The print server program, lpd, keeps track of all the print jobs in all the print queues on the system Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  5. A Single Print Queue Can Refer to Multiple Physical Printers Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  6. Many Print Queues Can Refer to a Single Physical Printer Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  7. Understanding Print Filters and Drivers • Linux uses special programs called print filters • A Linux print filter converts documents or images into a format that the printer can use Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  8. Printer Languages • A page description language is a special set of codes that determine the graphics elements, text font, and everything else about what appears on a printed page • The most widely used page description languages are PostScript and Printer Control Language (PCL) Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  9. The Magic Filter • Most Linux distributions use a “magic filter” that can convert documents into formats for many different printers • The “magic filter” doesn’t generally allow Linux to use the specialized features of each printer Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  10. Configuring Local Printer Definitions • A local printer is a printer directly attached to your computer • Define one or more printers before you can print documents Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  11. Reviewing printcap • Each LPRng printer definition is created as a print queue entry in the /etc/printcap configuration file • To use a local printer, you must provide the appropriate Linux device name when you configure the printer • The format of a printcap entry consists of a print queue name, followed by a series of two-character option codes that apply to that printer Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  12. Configuring printcap Graphically • Several graphical tools can create basic printcap entries: • Printer Configuration Tool printconf-gui in Red Hat Linux • YAST utility in SuSE Linux • Webmin in Caldera OpenLinux Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  13. Defining the Printer Name and Type in the printconf-gui Utility Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  14. Selecting a Printer Driver in printconf-gui Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  15. The Main Window of printconf-gui Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  16. Selecting the Print System to Configure within the KDE Control Center Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  17. Selecting a Printer in the KDE Printer Manager Wizard Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  18. Reviewing Printer Driver Settings in KDE Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  19. Managing Printers in the KDE Control Center Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  20. Printing Remotely Using lpd • Define a printer on your system that refers to the remote computer and a print queue on the remote system • The lpd daemon on your computer communicates with the lpd program on the remote computer, transferring the print job Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  21. Printing to a Remote Printer Using lpd Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  22. Defining a Remote lpd-based Printer in printconf-gui Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  23. Defining a Remote lpd-based Printer in KDE Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  24. Understanding the Common Unix Printing System • The Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) provides a new architecture for Linux and UNIX printing • CUPS lets users and system administrators browse the network to find and print to networked printers and other devices • CUPS lets system administrators manage printer definitions and print jobs across the network Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  25. Configuring Printers within CUPS • The cupsd print server daemon uses HTTP protocol and accepts requests and processes print jobs sent over the network • The cupsd print server daemon manages printers using a Web browser interface • The CUPS architecture uses network port 631 to communicate between CUPS-enabled print servers Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  26. The Main Page of the CUPS Browser-Based Interface Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  27. The Printers Page in the CUPS Web Interface Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  28. Configuring an Existing Printer in CUPS Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  29. Setting up CUPS Classes • CUPS class is a group of printers to which a user can submit a print job • Whichever printer within the class is first available will be used to print the job Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  30. The Classes Page within the CUPS Configuration Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  31. Printing Files • You can print files • from a command line • from a specialized graphical tool • from any graphical application Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  32. Printing from a Command Line • The basic printing command is lpr • The lpr command is used for printing to both LPRng and CUPS-based printers • Command options for lpr apply to a specific print job, not to all print jobs sent to the printer Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  33. Command Options for lpr Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  34. lpr Options Supported by CUPS Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  35. lpr Options Supported by CUPS Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  36. Printing from Graphical Applications • You typically print from a graphical application by choosing Print from the File menu • Graphical applications rely on the lpr utility • You can print to a file • Gnome and KDE applications build upon a standard dialog box Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  37. The Print Dialog Box in Gnumeric Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  38. The Print Dialog Box in KWord Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  39. The Print Dialog Box in Netscape Communicator Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  40. Managing the Printing Environment • A system administrator manages printing • The system administrator takes care about printer supplies and solves printer-related problems Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  41. Deciding on Printing Policies • A printing policy is a brief statement of rules describing how printing resources can be used and how printers will be managed • A printing policy is a helpful document for any organization with more than two or three users who rely on the same printer Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  42. Using the lpc Utility • The lpc utility is the printer control utility • The lpc command-line utility lets you control LPRng or CUPS printing, specifying how print jobs are accepted and processed • You must be root to use lpc • You can include an lpc command as a parameter on the command line Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  43. lpc Commands Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  44. Using lpc to Control the Printing Process Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  45. Tracking Print Jobs • To view the print jobs in the default print queue, the lpq command is used • The lprm command deletes a print job from a queue Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  46. Using Graphical Print Management Utilities • You can use two KDE graphical utilities to manage printing: • KDE Print Job Viewer • KLpq program Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  47. The KDE Print Job Viewer Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  48. The KLpq Printing Manager Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  49. Managing CUPS Print Jobs in a Browser Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

  50. Summary • The traditional Linux printing architecture is called LPRng and is based on the system developed for BSD UNIX • Printers are typically connected locally to either a parallel or serial port • A system administrator creates printer definitions, which act as print queues • Printer definitions are stored in /etc/printcap and can be created using printconf-gui or other text-mode or graphical tools • Users submit print jobs to a named print queue using either the lpr command or a graphical dialog box Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e

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