1 / 38

Infectious diseases of horse

Learn about antibiotic treatment considerations for various infectious diseases in horses, including respiratory, alimentary, urinary, and reproductive system infections, with a focus on avoiding antibiotic-associated complications. Understand common pathogens and clinical manifestations in horses.

erikmiles
Télécharger la présentation

Infectious diseases of horse

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Infectiousdiseasesofhorse

  2. Druhově specifické zvláštnosti při používání antibiotik: • Peniciliny podané per os mohou narušit bakteriální fermentaci v caeku a kolonu u dospělých zvířat vedoucí k vážným poruchám trávení. • Tetracykliny mohou vyvolat těžké enterokolitidy u koní vystavených stresu. • S výjimkou perorálního podání erythromyciniumestolatu spolu s rifampicinem hříbatům při rhodokokové pneumonii (Rhodococcus equi) je třeba se vyvarovat použití makrolidů a linkosamidů. • Také je třeba se vyvarovat podávání fluorochinolonů - obecně u rychle rostoucích zvířat - zejména hříbatům.

  3. The upper RS airsaculitis, acute sinusitis Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus strangles Streptococcus equi subsp.equi (vaccine) The lower RS bronchopneumonia - acute S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus bronchopneumonia - chronic S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus Staphylococcus intermedius E.coli, Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter spp. Salmonella spp. Rhodococcus equi Actinobacillus equuli Pasteurella spp. Fusobacterium necroforum Bacteroides spp. Bacterial infection in respiratory system

  4. Respiratorysystem - Viruses • EquineRhinopneumonia (EHV-1 and 4) • Equineviral arteritis • Equine Influenza • EquineRhinovirus • Equine Adenovirus

  5. EquineRhinopneumonia • Etiologicagents- EHV-4, EHV-1 • Virus Replication on mucosalsurfaceofrespiratorysystem, establishment oflatency • Rhinofaryngitis, tracheobronchitis, fever • Diseaseofyounghorses(up to 2 years), olderanimals – mildclinicalsigns

  6. RPK EquineRhinopneumonia • Incubation period 2-10 days • Frequentsecondarybacterialinfection • EHV-1 biphasicfever • EHV-1 – fulminantpneumonia in transplacentalinfection (latepregnancy)

  7. EquineAdenoviruses • Viruseswithlow virulence • Ocurrence in theageof 3 – 6 months • Mostlysubclinical • Horeses are periodicallyreinfected • Bacterialsuperinfections

  8. EquineAdenoviruses • Adenoviralpneumonia • Immunosupression • Failureofpassive transfer ofantibodies • Polysystemicdisease • SCID (severe combinedimmunodeficiency) in arabianhorses

  9. FLU Equine Influenza • Acutefebrile, highlycontagiousdisease • Incubation period 1-3 days • Dyspnoe, cough, fever, rhinitis, conjunctivitis

  10. THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM • acute enteritis • Salmonella spp • Actinobacillus equuli • Clostridium perfringens type A cpb2+ • chronic enteritiS • L.intracellularis • acute peritonitis • enterobacteria • Bacteroides spp. • Bacteroides fragilis • Rhodococcus equi • Actinobacillus equuli

  11. THE URINARY SYSTEM • pyelonephritiS • Escherichia coli • cystitis, uretritis • E.coli, P.mirabilis • Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter • Actinobacillus equuli • Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  12. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • endometritiS • E.coli, K.pneumoniae • Pseudomonas spp. • S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus • orchitis, epidimitis, vesiculitis • S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus • abortions • Salmonella spp., S.Abortus equi

  13. Urogenitalsystem - Viruses • EHV-1 • EHV-3 • Equineviral arteritis • Equineinfectiousanemia

  14. EHV-1 Equine virus abortion • Virus isubiqituous in thehorsepopulation, animalsbecameinfected in thefirstyearofage • Latency in the ganglion trigeminale • abortogennicstrains (variouslevelofendotheliotropism)

  15. EHV-1 Pathogenesis • Epithelialcells • Leukocytes • Endothelialcells • In respiratorytract, • immunesystem • Pregnant uterus

  16. EHV-1 Pathogenesis • Primaryreplication - epithelialcellsofrespiratorytract • Infectionofendothelialcellsofvessels in nasal region, viremiaassociatedwithmonocytesandlymphocytes. • Secondaryreplication in endothelialcellsofthe uterus, CNS, testes, endocrinneorgans, infectionof ganglion trigeminale

  17. Establishment of latency Viremia (Lymphocytes) Latency (lymphocytes, gangl. trigem.) Reactivation Infection of the uterus ... EHV-1

  18. E V A EquineViral Arteritis • Virus isubiqitous • Americanisolates are more virulent • Incubation period 3 – 14 days • Subclinicalcourse • Clinicalsigns: fever, leukopenia, oedemaofscrotumand abdomen, conjunctivitis, nasalandoculardischarge, abortion(10 – 60%)

  19. E V A Pathogenesis Initialinfectionofbronchialmacrophages Following 48 h. regionallymph-nodes, 3. dayviremia Secondaryreplication in thewallsof medium andsmallvessels Longlastingimmunityfollowsnaturalinfection(up to 3 years). Protectionmediate by colostralantibodies last for 2 – 6 months, butinterfereswithvaccination.

  20. E V A Pathogenesis • Respiratoryroute– primaryand most frequentwayofinfection, virus isshedfor 7 – 14 dní • Infected semen - virus id transmittedfrompersistentlyinfectedstallion to the mare. • In stallions virus canpersist in accessoryglandsforthelife . Perzistence is testosteron dependent!

  21. EHV-1 × EVA • EHV-1 • Virus reactivationpreceedesabortionformonths • Pulmonaryeodema, transudate in thethoraciccavity, petechias in myocardumofthefoetus • EVA • Abortionfollowsthediseaseof mare • Foetusispartiallyautolysed • Withoutspecificchanges

  22. Equineexanthemacoitale EHV-3 • Occurs in maresandstallions (vesicularandpustularchanges, ulcerations) • Virus replicationonthemucosaofgenitaltract • Infectionis „self-limiting“ becauseofthetermosensitivityofthe virus • Ulceration are oftencontaminated by bacterias

  23. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • meningo-encefalitis(secondary infection) • S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus • enterobacteria • Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)

  24. CNS infection - Viruses • EHV-1 Myeloencefalopathy • Rabies • Bornasdisease

  25. EHV-1 Myeloencephalopathy • Virus strainsdisplayingendotheliotropism • Ischemicchangesdue to infectionofvascularendothelium (vasculitis, thrombosis, petechias in the CNS) • Dysuria, cystitis (dysfunctionof motor. neurons) • Infectionof mare in 2/3 pregnancy • Higher incidence duringwinterandspring • Paresis, ataxiaofpelviclimbs

  26. THE EYE • bacterial conjunctivitis • S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Staphylococcus intermedius • Moraxella equi • Listeria monocytogenes • Acinetobacter spp. • Corynebacterium spp. • Bacillus spp.

  27. SEPTICEMIA • E.coli • Salmonella spp. • Actinobacillus equuli • S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus • Staphylococcus intermedius • CNS.

  28. E I A Equineinfectiousanemia • Diseaseofodd-toedanimals • Acutefebrilediseasewithfrequentexacerbations (2-3 týdny) • Virus isreplicating in monocytesandmacrophages • Virus transmission • bloodsuckinginsect • needles (vaccination)

  29. E I A Pathogenesis • Antigenicvariations – cause offrequentexacerbations • Immunocomplexesof free virus withantibodies - glomerulonephritis, • Virus issensitizingerythrocytesandthrombocytes to theactionofcomplement– anemia, petechias, icterus, hearthfailure, oedemas • Splenomegalia

  30. THE SKIN • folikulitis a furunculosis • Staphylococcus intermedius • lymphangitis • S.equi subsp. equi • Mycotic infection • Microsporum canis • Trichophyton equinum(vaccines)

  31. EquinePapillomaviruses

  32. EquinePapillomaviruses • Typicalcytopathology on the skin • Histologicalchanges in thestratumgranulosum (inclusions) • Virus id shed by contactanddesquamation • Decontaminationoftheenvironmentisimpossible

  33. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM • Septic artritis • E.coli • Salmonella spp. • Actinobacillus equuli • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • S.equi sp.zooepidemicus • Rhodococcus equi • Staphylococcus intermedius

  34. Traumatic Clostridium perfringens type A S.equi sp.zooepidemicus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surgical wounds enterobacteria Actinobacillus equuli Pseudomonas aeruginosa S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus Staphylococcus aureus S.intermedius WOUNDS

  35. Nosocomial infection in veterinary hospital • multirezistant strains • Actinobacillus equuli • Staphylococcus inetrmedius • S. aureus (MRSA) S. equi supsp. zooepidemicus

More Related