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Napoleon’s Report Card

Napoleon’s Report Card. By Sam and Daniel. Marking Guide. A = Excellent B = Good C = Passable D = Failure. Military Abilities. 1769-1800. B

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Napoleon’s Report Card

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  1. Napoleon’s Report Card By Sam and Daniel

  2. Marking Guide • A= Excellent • B= Good • C= Passable • D= Failure

  3. Military Abilities

  4. 1769-1800 • B Napoleon did a formidable job in defending France and conquering Northern Italy and Egypt. He does not however deserve to receive an A because the Turkish, with the help of a small naval squadron from Britain, used the unarmed fort of Acre to repel the French, and drive them from Egypt. After losing a large amount of his navy to a British attack commanded by Admiral Nelson, Napoleon fled Egypt, for home with a small number of scientists and Officers from his Army, leaving most of his men for dead in Egypt. “All the same, the destruction of the French fleet wrecked Napoleon’s military plans. After repulsing a Turkish force backed by the British in Syria, he decided to cut his losses and return home, leaving most of his army behind. “ ( Blackwood, 1986) Napoleon had many successful conquests in the late 1700’s , driving the Austrians from the Papal Territories of northern Italy, pursuing them into Austria all the way to Vienna . “Napoleon led his troops in an attack on the Austrian Empire’s north Italian provinces. Using tactics of swift movement and surprise, he captured Turin and Milan, and in January 1797 defeated the bulk of the Austrian army at Rivoli.” (Blackwood, 1986)

  5. 1801-1812 • A Napoleon successfully led the French to military domination of continental Europe. “On December 2, 1805, the first anniversary of his coronation, Napoleon met a combined Austrian and Russian army at Austerlitz (in what is now Czechoslovakia). Between dawn and suck of that brief winter’s day he fought an army far larger than his own, killing or capturing nearly 30, 000 of the enemy soldiers and hundreds of guns. The Battle of Austerlitz was his most stunning victory.”(Blackwood, 1986 )Napoleon and his men conquered most of Europe, from Holland ,to Austria and Italy, all with minimal losses. He and his marshals defeated the Jena and Auerstadt in 1806, and the Russians at Eylau and Friedland, now both in Poland, in 1807… On land, at least, Napoleon seemed unbeatable. He was a master of nearly the whole of continental Europe, from Northern Germany to southern Italy, and from Poland to Pyrenees.” (Blackwood, 1986)

  6. 1813-1821 • C Napoleon was beaten brutally many times during the last years of his life, eventually being exiled to St. Helena in the south Atlantic. “In the winter of 1813-14, the armies of the coalition invaded France. Napoleon fought some brilliant defensive actions, but he could not prevent the capture of Paris by the Russians and Prussians. His own position suddenly collapsed.” (Blackwood, 1986) The Battle of Waterloo in June 1815 was Napoleon’s worst defeat. In one afternoon is brilliant political career and life as a military genius was ended. “The actual fighting began shortly before noon on June 18, 1815, with the French guns firing across the grain fields. From then until evening a furious battle was fought, with the French trying to dislodge Wellington’s men and drive them back to Brussels a few kilometers away… A final charge was made by the Old Guard led by Marshal Ney. It was turned back by the fire of the British infantry and tumbled back down the sloping ground… A great cheer welcomed Wellington as he rode along the line and gave the order to advance. The Battle of Waterloo was won and Napoleon’s career ended.(Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979)

  7. Final Grade • B Napoleon was one of the greatest generals in history . Although he ultimately suffered defeat his many magnificent conquests show him to be a tactical genius who at one point ruled most of Europe. “On Dec 2nd 1805, the first anniversary of his coordination, Napoleon met a combined Austrian and Russian army at Austerlitz (in what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia). Between dawn and dusk of that brief winter’s day he fought an army far larger than his own killing or capturing nearly 30,000 of the enemy soldiers and hundreds of guns”. (Adapted fromBlackwood, 1986)

  8. Political Abilities

  9. 1769-1800 • A Napoleon was a smart politician in the early years. He did a good job in endearing himself to the peasants. “ On his return from Italy he made a point of wearing civilian dress, seeking the company of scientists and other learned men, and avoiding military pomp and public appearances”. That helped him secure the role as First consul without much opposition. He out smarted Abbé Sieyes and the rest of the directory into having him named First Consul.( Ruler of France)

  10. 1801-1812 • A Napoleon established himself as an astute politician by reinstating the church to France and creating the Napoleonic code. “The code was moderate in tone, and combined much that was good in the old laws of France with the basic ideas of the revolution-equality of all men before the law, freedom of conscience , freedom of work, and the separation of Church and State. … It tried to strengthen the family by giving the father real authority. A fathers consent was necessary for the marriage of sons up to the age of twenty five and daughters up to the age of twenty one”.(Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979) He bettered the educational system of France by making everyone eligible to attend school and making the educational system uniform throughout his empire. He also installed the University of France

  11. 1813-1821 • D Napoleon’s last days as emperor were difficult on him. He lost most of the territories he had gained and was forced to abdicate the throne of France. “On April 1st , 1814, a provisional government was formed and persuaded the Senate to depose of the Emperor… Napoleon wrote out his abdication.” (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979) Napoleon even went as far as to proclaim his political life was over. “My political life is over”. (Napoleon),(Blackwood, 1986)

  12. Final Grade • B Napoleon was a great politician early in his reign. While he was somewhat of a disappointment later in his tenure, he must be remembered as a great politician because his Napoleonic Code is still used to some extent even today. “He also laid down a new civil and legal code, the code Napoleon, … By these methods Napoleon created blueprint for most modern systems of government and law.’(Blackwood, 1986)

  13. International Relations

  14. 1769-1800 • B In 1769 to about 1793, Napoleon had a decent relationship with international countries, because everyone was keeping France down after it had been weakened by the French Revolution. When at the age of 24, in 1793 Napoleon was promoted to captain of artillery, and began winning battles against his usually victorious opponents, that is when his relationships with other countries begun to sour. England, who had previously just started to get one up on France, was starting to lose battles thanks to the genius of Napoleon Bonaparte.

  15. 1801-1812 • C • During 1801 to 1812, Napoleon had ruined any chance of a relationship with England. England was still standing their ground, and Napoleon was basically bartering with other countries like Austria. When there was an up rise against France from Austria, Napoleon beat them back down again, for example, “…at Wagram, near Vienna in 1809. On land, at least Napoleon seemed unbeatable. He was master of nearly the whole continental Europe, from northern Germany to southern Italy, and from Poland to the Pyrenees.” (Blackwood,1986)

  16. 1813-1821 • D As seen below, Napoleon was slowly coming to a halt. At age 46, in 1815, Napoleon’s career was on a downward slope. He fought many battles against countries he had previously conquered, because France was now at stake. In 1815, Napoleon was temporarily exiled, because the French people were starting to find him as an embarrassment to France. When the countries who were fighting France became too much for the people of France to handle, Napoleon was brought back to France near June 1815, to defend France in his last attempt at a his career and to help France defend France’s ground in The Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon did not think this through, seriously underestimating the leader of the opponent’s army, Duke of Wellington. Wellington cleverly outwitted Napoleon, who fled from the battle, ashamed of himself. The same day he lost that battle, he was exiled, this time permanently to the island of St. Helena, where he spent the rest of his days until he died in 1821.

  17. Final Grade Napoleons International Relations were awful. His relations deteriorated the longer his tenure lasted. Although he did make some treaties that aided him with taking control of Europe, he failed to make himself any friends, but succeeded in making many enemies.

  18. Geographical Knowledge

  19. 1769-1800 • B • Napoleon recognized early on that it would be senseless to extend the French borders, unless he was able to extend those borders to impassable natural boundaries of Europe. “The aim of revolutionary France was to extend it’s borders from the Rhine to the Alps to correspond with those of ancient Gaul” (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979) Ancient Gaul

  20. 1801-1812 • A Napoleon showed good recognition of certain geographical advantages he could use to defeat an Austrian uprising. “Bonaparte gathered an army quickly and entered Italy by crossing the alps over the Great St. Bernard pass. Some twenty-five kilometers of this route were impassable for wheeled vehicles so that the cannon had to be put in hollowed logs and dragged by ropes… The Austrians remained quite unaware of his advance and were thrown into confusion when his army came down out of the mountains and stood between them and their base”. (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979 )

  21. 1813-1821 • C Napoleon planed to use old strategies to dispose of the armies around Waterloo, he failed to realize that his opponents would have studied his tendencies t, and adapted to them. While his strategy worked on one front, he failed to realize the advantages the British had by staying near Waterloo. “His strategy was the one that had served him so well in the past. He would knock out the two enemy armies in the north before they could combine, and then turn to the east with the expectation of repeating the process. He himself attacked the Prussians under the General Blücher while Ney attacked an English and German army commanded by Wellington… Wellington’s army withdrew to a position near the Belgian village of Waterloo. It was his favorite position for a battle, a low ridge behind the crest of which he could position his men out of danger until the time came for them to come over the top, and in three long lines deliver shattering volleys into the advancing French Columns.” (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979)

  22. Final Grade • B During his younger years, Napoleon tried and did what was thought the impossible thanks to his open mind and daring and new ideas to conquer his s enemy on their own turf. Later on in his life Napoleon began to be overconfident and predictable, failing miserably. If thought about, Napoleon, at the height of his career, conquered and ruled most of Europe. French Empire at its greatest extent, c.1810showing major battles of the Napoleonic Wars.

  23. Ethics

  24. 1769-1800 • C In the year of 1793, Napoleon became a captain of artillery. For Napoleon, the events of the time could not have been better; in ten year he would rise to become the most powerful man in the world. During the years of 1793 and 1800, Napoleon leads the French to many battles: forcing the Austrians out of Italy, lying siege to Mantua and at Rivoli where he beat the Austrian Army badly once again. In 1797, “…Bonaparte made one of the deals which gave his the reputation for heartless cynicism. Instead of halting the war, he offered Austria the Republic of Venice in return for Belgium (the Austrian Netherlands) and Lombardy. Venice had been neutral in the war but it was weak—and to be weak was to invite the contempt of General Bonaparte.” (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979) The only place where Napoleon really wrecked the opportunity to be perfect was in Egypt. When the English had depleted most of his fleet, leaving the French army and Napoleon stranded in Egypt, “On the night of August 22, 1799, with his chief of staff, some of his best officers, and a few of the scientists who had accompanied him to Egypt, he slipped quietly away on a fast frigate bound for France. The army and its new commander, Kléber did not know he was gone until the next day, when that astonished and furious officer got the letter Bonaparte had left him appointing him to the command of the imprisoned army.” ( Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979)With Bonaparte’s selfish thinking, he left his men for dead, and saved his own hide.

  25. 1801-1812 • D In the years of 1801-1812, Napoleon’s paranoia was beginning to show more and more. ““In the spring of 1802 Bonaparte had reached the highest point of his career. He controlled France with the full support, as he was soon to prove, of the middle class and cast majority of the people. He controlled the newspapers and suppressed those likely to oppose him. He commanded the army…. He had made peace with the Church and with Britain. He had regained colonies France had lost without making any concessions or giving up any French territory.” (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979)

  26. 1813-1821 • D Napoleon spent his first two years in this time period as a gradually losing emperor. From January to March 1814, Bonaparte fought many great battles to no use. He was forced to retreat from Russia, he waited until he had no choice, and in doing so inadvertently killed most of his Grand Army. “By November the icy storms of the Russian winter fell on the stumbling army and completed the destruction begun by the Russian forces, which harried it every step of the way. While still in Russia, Napoleon turned the command over to his brother-in-law, Marshal Murat, and hurried back to Paris to crush a revolt that had broken out. By the middle of December, 1812, only twenty thousand starving, frost-bitten survivors of the Grand Army struggled out of Russia to safety.” (Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979)

  27. Final Grade • D Napoleon’s personal ethics were horrible. He put himself before his country and abandoned his men to death to further his ambitions.

  28. Bibliography • Quotes- Modern Perspectives-Trueman, Schaffter, Stewart and Hunter 1979- Mcgraw-Hill Ryerson • Quotes-Napoleon-Blackwood 1986- Wayland (Publishers) Limited. • Title Picture- http://library.gmu.edu/resources/french/Francais%20Databases.html • Millitary Abilities title picture- http://shuzak.com/Personal/Blog/uploaded_images/NapoleonStart%20copy-704617.jpg • First Consul Picture- Blackwood 1986- Wayland (Publishers) Limited. • Napoleonic Code picture- Blackwood 1986- Wayland (Publishers) Limited. • Geographical Knowledge Title picture-Euratlas.com • Map of Ancient Gaul- http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T041499A.gif • Political Cartoons- http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/n/napoleon_bonaparte.asp

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