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Peloponnesian War Era

Peloponnesian War Era . Darius III. Who was Darius III? How did he become the King? What did Darius III do during his reign?. Darius III. How did Darius III’s failures affect Alexander the Great? How and why did he die? How did Persia change after the death of Darius III? . Draco:

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Peloponnesian War Era

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  1. Peloponnesian War Era

  2. Darius III • Who was Darius III? • How did he become the King? • What did Darius III do during his reign?

  3. Darius III • How did Darius III’s failures affect Alexander the Great? • How and why did he die? • How did Persia change after the death of Darius III?

  4. Draco: -Pointed way to universal legal rights. -Codified Athenian laws. -Protection for common people. • Solon: -Freed farmers of slavery. -changed criteria for holding political office • Pisistratus: -Drove out land owner and divined their land between landless farmers. -Circuit judges who superseded aristocratic authority. • Cleisthenes: -gave common citizens membership to the assembly. -Allowed citizens to vote. Leading to Athenian Democracy

  5. Athenian Democracy The direct democracy in Athens was based on these three institutions: -The assembly -The council of 500 (new members were elected each year) -the peoples court Democracy means power to the people Common men were allowed to take part in governmental debates. Women, children, slaves and people born outside the city were not permitted to vote

  6. SPA Period (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) • Socrates: was a teacher who taught his students to question authority • Plato: Questioned reality itself. Tried to create and ideal social hierarchy • Aristotle: Invented the scientific method. Modified Plato's theory on reality tried to invent the best form of government.

  7. Allegory of the Cave The allegory of the cave is written by the philosopher Plato. www.youtube.come/watch?v=sAu-CNSh9F0

  8. Delian League- The Delian League was under the leadership of the Athens Peloponnesian league- The Peloponnesian league was led by the Spartans, It was also called the Spartan Alliance. 

  9. Sparta & Corinth Sparta • Sparta needed more land so they conquered Lacon. • Messenians and Laconians worked for the Spartans and captured people they called helots. • Spartan men were only allowed the vote in an assembly when at the age of 30. •  The Spartan government was headed by 2 kings and led all of the army. Corinth: • One of the oldest and most powerful cities of ancient cities • At one point the most powerful city in all of Greece

  10. Athens & Thebes Athens: • Early Athens was run by a king, later Athens became oligarchy which was under the control of the aristocrats. • In 510 BC Cleisthenes, who was now in power created a council of 500 male citizens that supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and the proposed law. This council was the basis of Athenian democracy. Thebes: • Newer Greek power than Sparta and Athens, very similar to Sparta and Athens

  11. Phillip II of Macedonia • He came power in 359BC • Constructed a powerful army turning Macedonia into a high powered civilization • He wanted to unite all of Greece under Macedonia

  12. Battle of Chaeronea • Took place near Thebes in 338 BC • Fought an army of multiple Greek states • Phillip the second took control of all of Greece, ending the freedom of the Greek city states. • Commanded the Greeks to from a league under him to fight Persia, but he was assassinated before going to war

  13. Who was Thucydides?

  14. Everything we know about the Peloponnesian war came from Thucydides • He was an Athenian • Thucydides participated in the war and was general in 424BC. • He didn't save the exiled from Athens for twenty years. • He wrote about the war and got the story from both sides involved in the war • He was concerned with accurate evidence even if it wasn't popular • Thucydides uses as many sources as he can gather, • We do not know for certain if Thucydides version is completely accurate- compare it to other evidence like archeological evidence seems to support it.

  15. Alexander the Great

  16. Questions Main questions What did Alexander the Great do? Does he deserve the title “The Great”? Sub-questions Who was Alexander the Great? What were his accomplishments?

  17. Who was Alexander the Great? • His title was actually Alexander III of Macedon. • Born around 356 B.C.E., in Pella, Greece. • He died at the age of 32 in Babylon. • He commanded a huge army. • He was very courageous and his ability to lead was unprecedented. • He led his troops in battle rather than remaining behind the lines. • He was tutored by Aristotle. • He was the son of Philip II.

  18. What did Alexander the Great do? • He was 20 when he inherited Macedonia. • He was never defeated in battle • He controlled Persia. • He eventually conquered half of what was known of the world at the time. • He founded a city in Egypt and named it after himself (Alexandria) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rN_3YbvF2OU&feature=related

  19. Does he deserve the title “The Great”? • Alexander was great to his own people but his enemies didn't think so because he slaughtered their kind. • It’s all how you look at it. • Due to his exceptional leadership, Alexander conquered the Persian empire, his major conquests being: Asia Minor, The Levant and Syria, Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia, and Persia.

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