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The Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT. INTRODUCTION:

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The Peloponnesian War

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  1. The Peloponnesian War

  2. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT INTRODUCTION: It is the middle of the 5th century BC. You are a young noble citizen of the city of Athens and one of the political leaders of the city. It is a time of great joy and time of very important decision making. The great Persian Empire under King Xerxes has finally been forced out of Greece and thoughts now turn to which city will become the dominant force in Greece. You job is to help steer Athens on the path to power and glory.

  3. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS -- ISSUE ONE -- THE DELIAN LEAGUE One of the issues that Athens had to deal with in their quest for power was the fate of the Delian League. This league, headed by Athens, was a group of many cities united in defense against the Persian Empire. After the war, many cities wanted more freedom, less taxes, or to leave the league. One common occurrence at this time was cities trying to rebel, such as the city of Samos. One possible way of handling the problem would be to allow Samos to leave and save the expense of going to war as well as showing the other cities how much freedom they had. On the other hand, many Athenians believed that letting any city leave would be a sign of weakness and any rebellion had to be violently punished. What is your choice? LET SAMOS LEAVE ATTACK SAMOS

  4. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS -- ISSUE TWO -- ASSIMILATION One way in which Athens attempted to shape the Delian League was through the domination of Athenian trade and culture. The plan was to assimilate the other cities into Athenian culture, economics, and religion. Some believed that this would bond these cities to Athens. Others believed that the other cities would see the assimilation as a threat to their own culture. What should Athens do? ASSIMILATE THE CITIES INTO ATHENIAN CULTURE ALLOW THE OTHER CITIES TO KEEP THEIR OWN CULTURE

  5. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS -- ISSUE TWO -- ASSIMILATION One way in which Athens attempted to shape the Delian League was through the domination of Athenian trade and culture. The plan was to assimilate the other cities into Athenian culture, economics, and religion. Some believed that this would bond these cities to Athens. Others believed that the other cities would see the assimilation as a threat to their own culture. What should Athens do? ASSIMILATE THE CITIES INTO ATHENIAN CULTURE ALLOW THE OTHER CITIES TO KEEP THEIR OWN CULTURE

  6. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS: HERE ARE YOUR CHOICES: SAMOS: ATTACK ASSIMILATION: ASSIMILATE THEM RATING 3/3 The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): For the most part, the Delian League was essential to Athens. Outside of moral considerations, the Athenians had to keep other cities from leaving if they wanted to maintain power. The league meant trade and tribute, both necessary to a sea power. Assimilation is also useful in this context. The more the other cities adopt Athenian culture, especially currency, the more dominant the trade network of Athens will become. Next Slide:

  7. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS: HERE ARE YOUR CHOICES: SAMOS: ATTACK ASSIMILATION: DON’T ASSIMILATE RATING 2/3 The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): For the most part, the Delian League was essential to Athens. Outside of moral considerations, the Athenians had to keep other cities from leaving if they wanted to maintain power. The league meant trade and tribute, both necessary to a sea power. Assimilation is also useful in this context. The more the other cities adopt Athenian culture, especially currency, the more dominant the trade network of Athens will become. Next Slide:

  8. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS: HERE ARE YOUR CHOICES: SAMOS: DON’T ATTACK ASSIMILATION: ASSIMILATE THEM RATING 1/3 The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): For the most part, the Delian League was essential to Athens. Outside of moral considerations, the Athenians had to keep other cities from leaving if they wanted to maintain power. The league meant trade and tribute, both necessary to a sea power. Assimilation is also useful in this context. The more the other cities adopt Athenian culture, especially currency, the more dominant the trade network of Athens will become. Next Slide:

  9. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT POLITICS: HERE ARE YOUR CHOICES: SAMOS: DON’T ATTACK ASSIMILATION: DON’T ASSIMILATE RANKING 0/3 The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): For the most part, the Delian League was essential to Athens. Outside of moral considerations, the Athenians had to keep other cities from leaving if they wanted to maintain power. The league meant trade and tribute, both necessary to a sea power. Assimilation is also useful in this context. The more the other cities adopt Athenian culture, especially currency, the more dominant the trade network of Athens will become. Next Slide:

  10. NOW TAKE NOTES! THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT Here’s what the Athenians really did: I. They crushed all rebellions. A. In the case of Samos, the famous leader Pericles and nine generals lay siege to the city. B. When the isle of Lesbos rebelled the Athenians confiscated much of their land. C. The city of Chalcis was subdued and made to swear allegiance to Athens. Results: D. The League stayed together at some expense. A siege could cost up to three years worth of tribute. E. In 377 BC Athens reforms the league with much less control of land and political power

  11. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT II. They assimilated other cities into Athenian culture A. Athenian coins were used B. Cities had to participate in the Panathanaea C. Democracy was encouraged D. Cleruchies -- Athenians who were granted confiscated lands in other cities Results: E. Athenian trade routes were maintained in the Aegean Sea F. Most cities accepted the rule but resented much of the limitations G. Tributes/taxes were reduced CONNECTION -- Just remember when the Soviet Union let the Baltic States break away. You don’t? Look it up. Here’s another connection -- think U.S. Civil War.

  12. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE THREE-- THE CITY OF MEGARA The city of Megara has asked Athens for help. Their city needs support in keeping the powerful city of Corinth from dominating them. They have asked for Athenian military aid. Megara is a small but important city. They are located on the isthmus that separates Athens from its traditional enemy -- Sparta. Some people in the city believe that Athens should send troops to help Megara and hope that Megara will help keep Sparta out of Attica. Others believe that Athens should help Megara, but then keep troops in Megara to make sure they obey Athens. Still others believe that Athens should let Corinth and Megara deal with their own problems. What is your position? HELP AND THEN LEAVE HELP AND STAY LEAVE THEM ON THEIR OWN

  13. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FOUR -- INVASION OF EGYPT Egypt has long been an important source of grain, flax, and other materials needed for Athens. Due to the geography of your country, these resources are very valuable. The Egyptians have started to revolt against the Persian rulers. Some in the city argue that this is the time to take over Egypt and control these important supplies. Others argue that the Persians are still too powerful and that Athenian forces are more useful in Greece itself. What do you support? INVADE EGYPT KEEP EXTRA TROOPS IN GREECE

  14. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FOUR -- INVASION OF EGYPT Egypt has long been an important source of grain, flax, and other materials needed for Athens. Due to the geography of your country, these resources are very valuable. The Egyptians have started to revolt against the Persian rulers. Some in the city argue that this is the time to take over Egypt and control these important supplies. Others argue that the Persians are still too powerful and that Athenian forces are more useful in Greece itself. What do you support? INVADE EGYPT KEEP EXTRA TROOPS IN GREECE

  15. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FOUR -- INVASION OF EGYPT Egypt has long been an important source of grain, flax, and other materials needed for Athens. Due to the geography of your country, these resources are very valuable. The Egyptians have started to revolt against the Persian rulers. Some in the city argue that this is the time to take over Egypt and control these important supplies. Others argue that the Persians are still too powerful and that Athenian forces are more useful in Greece itself. What do you support? INVADE EGYPT KEEP EXTRA TROOPS IN GREECE

  16. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FIVE -- INVADING CENTRAL GREECE (BOEOTIA) The biggest military decision of the early going centered on the region known as Boeotia in Central Greece. Those people in favor of the invasion argued that control of the area would cut off Sparta from the rest of Greece, would secure timber and resources from Northern Greece, and would force the city of Corinth to become an ally of Athens instead of Sparta. Those people against the invasion argued that the Athenian army would be too spread out and that the invasion would cause revolutions against Athens in cities that might join the Delian League on their own. What is your choice? INVADE BOEOTIA STAY OUT OF BOEOTIA

  17. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FIVE -- INVADING CENTRAL GREECE (BOEOTIA) The biggest military decision of the early going centered on the region known as Boeotia in Central Greece. Those people in favor of the invasion argued that control of the area would cut off Sparta from the rest of Greece, would secure timber and resources from Northern Greece, and would force the city of Corinth to become an ally of Athens instead of Sparta. Those people against the invasion argued that the Athenian army would be too spread out and that the invasion would cause revolutions against Athens in cities that might join the Delian League on their own. What is your choice? INVADE BOEOTIA STAY OUT OF BOEOTIA

  18. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FIVE -- INVADING CENTRAL GREECE (BOEOTIA) The biggest military decision of the early going centered on the region known as Boeotia in Central Greece. Those people in favor of the invasion argued that control of the area would cut off Sparta from the rest of Greece, would secure timber and resources from Northern Greece, and would force the city of Corinth to become an ally of Athens instead of Sparta. Those people against the invasion argued that the Athenian army would be too spread out and that the invasion would cause revolutions against Athens in cities that might join the Delian League on their own. What is your choice? INVADE BOEOTIA STAY OUT OF BOEOTIA

  19. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FIVE -- INVADING CENTRAL GREECE (BOEOTIA) The biggest military decision of the early going centered on the region known as Boeotia in Central Greece. Those people in favor of the invasion argued that control of the area would cut off Sparta from the rest of Greece, would secure timber and resources from Northern Greece, and would force the city of Corinth to become an ally of Athens instead of Sparta. Those people against the invasion argued that the Athenian army would be too spread out and that the invasion would cause revolutions against Athens in cities that might join the Delian League on their own. What is your choice? INVADE BOEOTIA STAY OUT OF BOEOTIA

  20. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FIVE -- INVADING CENTRAL GREECE (BOEOTIA) The biggest military decision of the early going centered on the region known as Boeotia in Central Greece. Those people in favor of the invasion argued that control of the area would cut off Sparta from the rest of Greece, would secure timber and resources from Northern Greece, and would force the city of Corinth to become an ally of Athens instead of Sparta. Those people against the invasion argued that the Athenian army would be too spread out and that the invasion would cause revolutions against Athens in cities that might join the Delian League on their own. What is your choice? INVADE BOEOTIA STAY OUT OF BOEOTIA

  21. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT ISSUE FIVE -- INVADING CENTRAL GREECE (BOEOTIA) The biggest military decision of the early going centered on the region known as Boeotia in Central Greece. Those people in favor of the invasion argued that control of the area would cut off Sparta from the rest of Greece, would secure timber and resources from Northern Greece, and would force the city of Corinth to become an ally of Athens instead of Sparta. Those people against the invasion argued that the Athenian army would be too spread out and that the invasion would cause revolutions against Athens in cities that might join the Delian League on their own. What is your choice? INVADE BOEOTIA STAY OUT OF BOEOTIA

  22. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 4/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and Leave Egypt: Invade Boeotia: Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  23. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 2/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and Leave Egypt: Invade Boeotia: Don’t Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  24. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 7/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and Leave Egypt: Don’t Invade Boeotia: Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  25. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 5/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and leave Egypt: Don’t Invade Boeotia: Don’t Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  26. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 3/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and stay Egypt: Invade Boeotia: Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  27. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 1/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and Stay Egypt: Invade Boeotia: Don’t invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  28. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 6/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and stay Egypt: Don’t invade Boeotia: Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  29. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 4/7 These are your choices: Megara: Help and stay Egypt: Don’t invade Boeotia: Don’t invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  30. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 2/7 These are your choices: Megara: Ignore Egypt: Invade Boeotia:Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  31. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 0/7 These are your choices: Megara: Ignore Egypt: Invade Boeotia: Don’t invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  32. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 5/7 These are your choices: Megara: Ignore Egypt: Don’t invade Boeotia: Invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  33. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT RATING 3/7 These are your choices: Megara: Ignore Egypt: Don’t invade Boeotia: Don’t invade The Results (Based entirely on my own inexpert opinion): If you chose to invade Egypt, bad move. Wow! Even on their bad years, you don’t want to tangle with the Persian Empire. Megara is a wash. Ignoring the situation only makes Corinth a stronger rival. Taking over Megara will only anger them, but without taking them over, there is no guarantee of their help. It’s a lose-lose situation. In Boeotia, even though it ended poorly, it may have been the right decision to invade. There is the risk of revolution; however, with Sparta becoming active, it is too dangerous to stay out of the area.

  34. BACK TO TAKING NOTES THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT Here is what the Athenians did: III. MEGARA A. In Megara, the Athenians chose to help the city of Megara and then left a garrison of troops to control the city. B. Results: Megara rebelled, as did many of the cities to the West. IV. EGYPT A. In Egypt, the Athenians invaded and occupied the city of Memphis. B. Results: The Persians badly defeated the Athenians and kicked them out of Egypt.

  35. THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN CONFLICT V. BOEOTIA A. In Boeotia, the Athenina troops invaded into the West and conquered many of the cities in the area after the Battle of Oenophyta. Results: B. The Athenians were eventually defeated at Coronea in 447 BC C. The cities of Athens and Sparta sign the Thirty Years Peace and things pretty much return to the way they were before it all began. NOW: Go back to the Purple Team website and click on “Peloponnesian War Two”

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