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Roman Republic

Roman Republic. “Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges ” -Cicero. The Beginnings of Rome. Myth- Romulus and Remus were twin sons of Mars and a Latin mortal Abandoned at birth and raised by a she-wolf Built Rome where they lived Another possibility

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Roman Republic

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  1. Roman Republic “Inter ArmaEnim Silent Leges” -Cicero

  2. The Beginnings of Rome • Myth- Romulus and Remus were twin sons of Mars and a Latin mortal • Abandoned at birth and raised by a she-wolf • Built Rome where they lived • Another possibility • From 1000-500 BCE, three groups settled in the area and fought for control • Latins- settled on either side of the Tiber in Latium • Greeks- established 50 colonies in southern Italy and Sicily 750-600 BCE • Etruscans- native to northern Italy

  3. Rome started as a Clepto • Rome adopted the Etruscan alphabet, architecture style (Arches), and some religious rituals • Roman gods took on the personalities and legends of the Greek gods, but with new names

  4. Early Republic • 600 BCE- an Etruscan becomes king. Over the next 100 years, Rome grows from a couple of villages to a city spanning 500 square miles. • 509 BCE- Tarquin the Proud is removed from power • Romans declared they would put to death anyone who plotted to make themselves a king • Social Classes • Patricians • Aristocratic landowners • Plebeians • Common farmers, merchants, artisans, etc. (Plebs) • Political Power • Only patricians could hold office, ancestry gave them the right to make laws. • Plebs could vote, and were eventually allowed to have a tribune which looked after their rights in the Senate • Only free-born males could vote.

  5. Government Under the Republic • Twelve Tables • 1st Roman written code of laws (451 BCE) were hung in the Forum (central area of the city) • All citizens (pleb and pat) had the right of protection of the law • Structure • Two consuls instead of 1 king. They ran the army and directed the government. (1 yr term/ 10years) • Senate- 300 members selected from Rome’s aristocracy (for life)

  6. The fun part --- Military • All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military • Certain public offices required 10 years of service • Army organized into legions – 5000 infantry, with a small group of cavalry. • Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men called a century • The legion’s strength was its flexibility. Each century could act independently or as part of the legion.

  7. Expansion • By the 4thcentruyBCE, Rome controlled most of central Italy. • Expanded against their rivals, and by 265 BCE, had conquered the Etruscans (N) and the Greek city-states (S) • Conquered rivals fell into 3 categories: • 1) Citizens (only the Latins across the Tiber) • 2) Quasi-Citizens (all the rights of citzenship except vote • 3) Ally of Rome- Rome doesn’t interfere as long as the ally sends troops to fight and signs no treaties with other nations

  8. Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) (Carthage) • First Punic War (264-241 BCE) • Siciliy Rome wins • Second Punic War (218-202) BCE • Hannibal and his elephants • Marched from Spain, to France, then invaded northern Italy • Rome only won because to make Hannibal stop, they invaded Carthage • Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) • By this time, Carthage had little to no military, only economic wealth. • Roman senator ended all of his speeches “Carthage must be destroyed!” • 149- Rome lays siege to Carthage • 146- Carthage is burned to the ground, all 50,000 inhabitants are sold into slavery

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