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Exploring Shakespeare's Twelfth Night: Context, Performance, and Production in the Elizabethan Era

This article delves into the fascinating world of Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night," contextualized within the Elizabethan period (1558-1603). We explore the establishment of permanent theaters like The Globe, the evolution of acting troupes, and the performance practices of the time. The piece examines the characters, settings, music, and costumes of "Twelfth Night," highlighting its intricate plot and themes such as love, deception, and social class. Additionally, the lasting impact of Shakespeare on theater is discussed, summarizing the cultural significance of his work during this prolific era.

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Exploring Shakespeare's Twelfth Night: Context, Performance, and Production in the Elizabethan Era

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  1. A Reconstruction ofTWELFTH NIGHT Virginia Gano

  2. The Elizabethan Period 1558 - 1603

  3. Permanent Theaters Established • 1567 – The Red Lion • 1572 – Statute legitimizes better troupes • 1574 – First Royal Patent • 1583 – Queen’s Men created

  4. The Theater in London

  5. William Shakespeare • 1564 - 1616

  6. Performances of Twelfth Night • January 6, 1600 Court • 1600 Globe Playhouse • February 1602 Middle Temple • 1615 Court • 1623 Court

  7. Globe Playhouse

  8. Interior of the Globe

  9. Globe Interior Features

  10. The Globe Stage

  11. The Globe Pillars • Height = • 24 feet 9 inches • Weight = • 1.5 – 2.0 tons

  12. Evidence • Globe and Rose Excavations • De Witt Drawing • Hollar’s Long View of London • Norden’s Civitas Londini • Philip Henslowe’s Diary

  13. The Lord Chamberlain’s Men • 1594 - Organized by Lord Hunsdon • 1599 - Built the Globe Playhouse • 1603 - Became the King’s Men • 1608 - Gained possession of the Blackfriars

  14. Production Practices • Performed six days per week • Different play each day • Purchased, licensed, and copied play • Bookkeeper prepares playbook and casts parts • Props and costumes assembled; roles prepared • Actors learn lines • Rehearsal to check entrances, exits, and work out complicated scenes

  15. Possible Cast of Twelfth Night • Sir Toby Belch (401) Thomas Pope • Feste (347) Robert Armin • Malvolio (311) Augustine Phillips • Orsino (219) Richard Burbage • Sir Andrew (179) Richard Cowley • Sebastian (131) William Sly • Fabian (130) John Heminges • Antonio (107) Henry Condell • Captain (32) William Shakespeare

  16. Actors • Actors became more respectable. • Shakespeare, Heminges, and Phillips granted coats of arms • Heminges and Condell were church wardens • Burbage – very popular with the ladies

  17. Staging • Trumpet announces performance • Convention of invisibility • Convention of inaudibility • Convention of pretended darkness

  18. The Audience • Came from every social class • Free to move around in sections • Water, wine, beer, fruit, and nuts sold • The yard filled with artisans and apprentices

  19. Women in the Audience • Women of all social classes • A woman accompanied by a man was respectable • Standing in the yard damaged a woman’s reputation

  20. Twelfth Night, or, What You Will • 1600 • Most productive period (1 comedy, 1 tragedy per season) • Last romantic comedy written by Shakespeare

  21. Texts of Twelfth Night • Folio - only text

  22. Female Characters • Viola • Olivia • Maria

  23. Male Characters • Orsino • Sir Toby • Malvolio • Sir Andrew • Feste • Fabian • Sebastian • Antonio • Captain

  24. Plot • Main romantic plot: Orsino, Viola, Olivia, Sebastian • Low comedy subplot: Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria, and Malvolio

  25. Settings • 18 scenes in five locations • Orsino’s Court • Sea coast of Illyria • Olivia’s house • Olivia’s grounds (inner and outer courtyard,orchard) • A city street

  26. Diction

  27. Music in Twelfth Night • Begins and ends with music • Three complete songs • Feste’s final song – a substitution for the jig

  28. Special Effects • Simple special effects in Twelfth Night • Wind • Waves • Thunder • Blood

  29. Properties • Cups • Jewels • Veils • Letters • Purses • Dagger • Swords • Beard

  30. Costume in Twelfth Night • Twin costumes for Viola and Sebastian • Courtly dress • Malvolio’s chain and yellow stockings • Feste’s motley • Priest’s robes • Mourning and bridal dresses for Olivia

  31. Complications

  32. Confusion and Revelation

  33. Thought • Appearance versus Reality • Self-love and Self-deception • Rejection • Monetary Concerns

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