Introd uction to dental materials

1. Introduction to dentalmaterials

2. Dentistry ? • Dentistry is a branch of medicine, that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.

3. DENTAL MATERIALSSCIENCE • The science of dental materials is the study of properties of the materials used for the fabrication of dental appliances & tooth structures. • OR • Science of dental material is the study of the physical & chemical properties of the metallic & non metallic materials used in the dentistry

4. In dentistry dental materials are :- • Used to Repair or replace a natural tooth • Used to Prevent diseases • Used to Relieve the pain • Used to Improve the mastication & function • Used to Enhance the speech & Aesthetics

5. DENTALMATERIALS • Back bone of dentistry. • Subject is taught in first & second BDS course. • Studied & applied through out in the UG & PG courses of various specialties & then for the treatment of patient .

6. VariousMATERIALS USED INDENTISTRY

7. Types of Materialused in dentistry are :- • Metals • Ceramics • Polymers • Composites

8. Polymers: Long chain molecules, consisting of many repeating units. • - A – A – A – A – A – • Metallic materials: Good thermal & Electrical conductivity. • Ceramic Materials: compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements.

9. Metals

10. Metal & alloy casting fabrications

11. Polymers

12. Composite Restorative Materials

13. Ceramics

14. Dental Materials - Books • Text books :- • 1) Phillips Science of Dental Materials - Kenneth J. Anusavice • 2) Restorative Dental Materials -Robert G. Craig • 3) Notes on Dental Materials - E.C. Combe • Reference books:- • 1) Introduction to Dental Materials, Van Noort. • 2) Applied Dental Materials, McCabe.

15. Various dental Terminologiesand definitions • Impression • Cast • Model or Study casts • Die • Inlay • Onlay • Crowns • Veneers • Restoration

16. Impression • Definition :- An impression can be defined as an exact negative replica of the teeth and its associated oral tissues with accurate reproduction of all finer details, maintaining correct spatial dimensions.

17. IMPRESSION MATERIALS IMPRESSION COMPOUND ALGINATE AGAR-AGAR ZOE Elastomers

18. Impression material :- • Can be defined as any substance or combination of substances used for making impression or negative reproduction. OR • Impression material used to register & reproduce the forms & relationships of teeth & associated oral tissues.

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21. Cast • Cast is an exact positive replica of oral tissues used in fabricating procedures of oral appliances.

22. Model or Study casts • These are the exact positive replicas of dental arches used for diagnostic purposes.

23. Die • Die can be defined as a hard accurate positive replica of single or sometimes few teeth used in the fabrication of procedures of inlay, onlay, crown & bridges ,etc.

24. Restoration • Restoration is defined as a material so placed in the prepared cavity of a tooth so that the physiologic and mechanical functions, anatomic focus, occlusion contact point and aesthetic appearance are properly restored or preserved and the tooth in the area of the restoration is protected as far as possible from recurrence of dental caries.

25. Inlay • It is an intra coronal restoration fabricated outside the mouth and restored. One or more (but not all) cusps may also be involved.

26. Onlay • It is an intra-coronal restoration covering all the cusps, fabricated outside the mouth.

27. Crowns • Restorations covering all or most of the surfaces of the teeth.

30. Veneers • These are thin tooth colored (aesthetic) restorations on the labial side covering one or more metallic surfaces of crown.

31. Complete Denture • A complete denture is a removable dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures or the maxilla and mandible. This contains artificial teeth attached to the denture base, which is supported through the underlying oral tissues.

32. GV Black's classification of cavities • G. V. Black (1836–1915), American dentist • A classification based on the tooth type and the cavity location or tooth surfaces involved. • Class I cavity • Class V cavity

33. CALSS I CAVITY • Cavities located in pits or fissures. • These are located in the occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars • Lie in the very high stress acting areas • Materials used should have high strength to withstand large dynamic biting forces

34. Class II • Cavities located in the proximal surfaces of the posterior molars and premolars – ic the areas of contact between the adjacent teeth • Also high stress acting areas , requiring the restorations of high strength

35. Class III • Cavities in the proximal surfaces of canines, and incisors ( or anterior teeth ) not involving the incisal edges . • Materials used for restoration should be --------Aesthetically pleasing

36. Class IV • Cavities in the proximal surfaces of incisors or canines ( or anterior teeth) which also involve one or both of the incisal edges . • Requires aesthetic property

37. Class V • Cavities located in the gingival third of the labial, buccal, lingual, or palatal surfaces of any tooth or all the tooth . • Requires aesthetic restorations

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