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INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX)

INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX). Recent Milestones: May 2002: Go-ahead from NASA July 2002: meeting with NOAA/AL (ITCT-2K4) 4-5 September 2002: joint INTEX-ITCT-2K4-COBRA planning meeting

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INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX)

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  1. INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX) Recent Milestones: • May 2002: Go-ahead from NASA • July 2002: meeting with NOAA/AL (ITCT-2K4) • 4-5 September 2002: joint INTEX-ITCT-2K4-COBRA planning meeting • 15 September: revised white paper (Singh, Jacob, Pfister) for Aura Collaborative Science Strategy Document (Anderson)

  2. INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT – NORTH AMERICA (INTEX) OBJECTIVES: (1)To quantify the outflow of climatically important trace gases and aerosols (CIGAs) from North America to the Atlantic, and relate this outflow to our understanding of North American sources and sinks; (2)To understand the chemical evolution of the North American outflow over the Atlantic, and assess the implications for global influence and intercontinental transport of pollution; (3)To quantify the transpacific transport of Asian pollution to North America.and its implications for surface air quality. TWO AIRCRAFT: NASA DC-8 and P-3B TWO PHASES: A (Jun-Jul 2004) and B (Mar-Apr 2006)

  3. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INTEX LINK WITH TERRA, ENVISAT, AQUA, AURA, OCO (phase B) LINK WITH ITOP, DLR Satellite validation GLOBAL INFLUENCE Pacific inflow Processing, ventilation, scavenging FT Outflow to Atlantic, chemical aging LINK WITH CNRS/SA BL TRANSPACFIC POLLUTION INFLUENCE LINK WITH ITCT-2K4, COBRA TOP-DOWN ESTIMATES OF SOURCES, SINKS TRANSATLANTIC POLLUTION INFLUENCE NORTH AMERICA A priori estimates of surface sources/sinks

  4. INTEX OPERATIONAL SITES (PHASE A) Pease AFB, NH DC-8, joint with ITCT-2K4 (NOAA P-3B) Chemical aging Seattle, WA DC-8 overnight site PBL ventilation, deep convection, fire plumes N Atlantic outflow Eastern U.S. transects Transcontinental transects St. Louis, MO DC-8 and P-3B Wallops, VA P-3B Edwards AFB, CA DC-8 overnight

  5. PRIORITY CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR INTEX • Priority 1 (mission critical): O3 (in situ and remote), aerosols (remote), H2O, CO2, CO • Priority 2 (very important): NO, NO2, PAN, HNO3, NOy, CH4, N2O, speciated hydrocarbons, halocarbons, peroxides, carbonyls, OH, HO2, RO2, SO2, H2SO4, aerosol composition, size distribution, optical properties • Priority 3 (important): Organic nitrates, single particle composition, radionuclides, alcohols, H2O (remote) • Priority 5 (exploratory): NH3, HNO2, HNO4 No distinction of priorities between DC-8 and P-3B payloads

  6. WHAT IS AMMA? (formerly WAM) • African Monsoon Multidimensional Analysis • OR/OU – • Analyse Multidimensionelle de la Mousson Africaine • Multiyear monsoon dynamics experiment led by France/UK/Germany/U.S. • International Science Plan presently being written • (U.S. lead: Chris Thorncroft, SUNYA) • Focus in wet season and shoulders (Apr-Oct) • First operational phase: Apr-Oct 2005 • Plan for an “AMMA-dry” (Jan-Feb) led by radiation/chemistry community: • Interaction of biomass burning, dust, other continental influences • Validation of Aura, Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat is strong focus • Leads: D. Tanre (France), J. Haywood (UK), M. Wendisch (Germany) • U.S. interest: radiation (Y. Kaufman, S. Ackerman), chemistry (Jacob, Browell, Brune, Crawford, Logan, Singh,…) - draft white paper available - • Timing: Jan-Feb 2005 or 2006 • European resources: Mystere 20, BA-e146 aircraft, lidars, ground/island sites • High-altitude aircraft (e.g., WB-57) is crucial

  7. NASA COMPONENT OF AMMA:an AURA collaborative science mission • OBJECTIVES: • To understand the interactions between biomass burning, the biosphere, human activity, lightning, and dust in determining tropospheric ozone and aerosol production over western Africa; • To understand the mechanisms for outflow of ozone, aerosols, and their precursors from western Africa to the global troposphere; • To characterize the transatlantic transport of this outflow; • To provide Aura tropospheric validation data in a complex and highly variable tropical environment where TOMS appears to experience difficulties. • TWO PHASES: • Winter mission (Jan-Feb) with emphasis on biomass burning (top priority) • Summer mission (Jun-Aug) with emphasis on monsoon and dust • PLATFORMS: WB-57 (essential), DC-8 (desirable)

  8. WESTERN AFRICA IS A PARTICULARLY ACTIVE AND COMPLEX REGION OF THE TROPICS Harmattan Flux Dust Anthropogenic Biofuel Savanna Lightning Biomass Burning Forest Ocean Biomass Burning Monsoon Flux Celine Mari, LA Toulouse

  9. ATSR FIRE COUNTS (1997)Western Africa is one of the world’s most active biomass burning regions

  10. LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEL AND TOMS TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS OVER W. AFRICA GEOS-CHEM - 1997 TOMS (CCD)- 1997 DJF MAM JJA SON Martin et al. [2002]

  11. LIS LIGHTNING FLASHES (2000)Western Africa is one of the world’s most active lightning regions DJF JJA

  12. WESTERN AFRICA IS ONE OF THE DUSTIEST REGIONS ON EARTH

  13. DUST OVER WESTERN AFRICA CAN HAVECOMPLEX EFFECTS ON SATELLITE RETRIEVALS SeaWIFS “true-color” data (obtained from R. Husar)

  14. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGYFOR AMMA-dry SATELLITES MODELS AIRCRAFT, SONDES, GROUND Aura: Ozone, CO, H2O,NO, NO2, HNO3, CH4, HCHO, … 3-D CTM forecasts and analyses Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat… WB-57 aircraft (+DC-8?) Strong links to AVE and TC3 European surface sites, lidars, aircraft

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