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Life During Wartime

Life During Wartime. Chapter 11.3. Confederate money due to inflation was nearly worthless. $400 was worth only a dollar or two compared to pre-war currency. AFRICAN AMERICANS FIGHT FOR FREEDOM. At the beginning it was a white man's war

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Life During Wartime

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  1. Life During Wartime Chapter 11.3

  2. Confederate money due to inflation was nearly worthless. • $400 was worth only a dollar or two compared to pre-war currency.

  3. AFRICAN AMERICANS FIGHT FOR FREEDOM • At the beginning it was a white man's war • 1862 Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to fight. • After the Emancipation Proclamation there large scale enlistment. • 1% of the Union population was African but by the end of the war they made up 10% of the Union army.

  4. Discrimination was still ran rampant, troops had separate regiments commanded by white officers and mostly they did not rise above captain. • The exception was Alexander T. Augustana a surgeon who attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. • White soldiers- $13 a month and $3.50 clothing allowance • Black soldiers- $10 a month and $0 clothing allowance.

  5. Some African Americans worked without pay for months and protested rather than accept less money • By 1864, pay was made equal between races. • African American casualties were higher because they did labor duty in the garrisons and caught many diseases such as typhoid and pneumonia. • Captured black soldiers were not made prisoners, they were executed on the spot or enslaved.

  6. FORT PILLOW MASSACRE • A gruesome event was Fort Pillow in Tennessee in 1864. • Troops killed over 200 black prisoners and some whites while they begged for their lives. • Confederates argued over black soldiers some saying "they caused the fight they should share the burden of battle.”

  7. SLAVE RESISTANCE IN THE CONFEDERACY • As the Union pushed into the south many rebellions took place by slaves on plantations and many fled across Union lines. • It weakened plantation systems and many confederates realized slavery was doomed.

  8. THE WAR AFFECTS REGIONAL ECONOMICS • The Union’s economy during the war flourished while the Confederate economy crumbled

  9. SOUTHERN SHORTAGES • Food shortages for three key reasons 1. Drain of man power due to war 2. Union occupied food growing areas 3. Loss of slaves to work in the fields • Due to this food prices skyrocketed • 1861 average family $6.65 a month • Mid 1863 average family $68 a month

  10. Riots were evolving hundreds of women and children stormed into bakeries for bread. • President Davis stopped the riots by jumping up on a cart, emptying his pockets and stating stop or be shot, the filling day the confederates distributed some of it's stock of rice. • Other shortages included: salt, sugar, coffee, nails, needles and medicine. Confederates would sometimes smuggle cotton to the north in exchange for gold food and other goods.

  11. NORTHERN ECONOMIC GROWTH • Industries were booming due to the need for resources during war such as uniforms, shoes, guns and other supplies. • The draft reduced available work force which increased the sales of farm equipment. The downside was prices were not equal to wages, many strikes and blacks and immigrants take the available job opportunities for lower pay

  12. Many southern women began taking city jobs replacing men who were fighting off at war at a reduced pay. • Businesses boomed because companies were making uniforms out of shoddy materials and passing off bad meat as fresh meat to turn a faster profit. • 1863 Congress voted to tap into citizen’s wealth by authorizing the income tax, a specified percentage of an individuals income.

  13. SOLDIERS SUFFER ON BOTH SIDES IN BATTLE • Hygiene was bad resulting in lice, dysentery and diarrhea. Union food rations consisted of beans, bacon and hard biscuits.

  14. CIVIL WAR MEDICINE 1/2 • United States Sanitary Commission was started after Fort Sumter and the objective was to train nurses and improve army camps hygiene. • Dorothea Dix at 60 becomes the first superintendent of women's nurses. To keep romantic involvement down Dix called on women in their thirties

  15. CIVIL WAR MEDICINE 2/2 • Union nurse Clara Barton cared for those at the front line and became known as the angel of the battlefield. • Death rates among union wounded showed improvements. Confederates had volunteer nurses such as Sally Tompkins who served so heroically she was promoted to a captain.

  16. PRISONS • The worst Confederate prison was Andersonville in Georgia with 33,000 men with no shelter in the blazing sun and the cold rain though some made primitive tents. • They drank from the waters that were used for there sewerage. • 1/3 of the prisoners died partly due go Henry Wirz (who will be later tried and convicted as a war criminal) • The prison was also overcrowded and lacked food. • Union prisons were slightly better but not good. 15% of Union prisoners in the south died where 12% died in northern prisons.

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