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Objectification is the process of treating human beings as if they were objects Objectification of Women referred to as

Chapter 10. Sex and Gender. Objectification is the process of treating human beings as if they were objects Objectification of Women referred to as “females” seen as “all alike” subordinate and passive easily ignored and trivialized Cult of thinness people worship the perfect body.

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Objectification is the process of treating human beings as if they were objects Objectification of Women referred to as

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  1. Chapter 10 Sex and Gender • Objectification is the process of treating human beings as if they were objects • Objectification of Women • referred to as “females” • seen as “all alike” • subordinate and passive • easily ignored and trivialized • Cult of thinness • people worship the perfect body

  2. Marissa Beach baby 2005 Barbie 1960 Nichelle Urban Hipster 2005 Barbie's measurements equate to 39-18-33 inches. Those numbers fall far below even today's typical size 8 woman. Far below . . . the waist for a size 8 is 27 inches. And the average woman in the US today is a size 16.

  3. Tyson “Leather” 2004 Ken 1960 G. I. Joe 1964 G. I. Joe 1996

  4. Sex: The Biological Dimension • Sex biological and anatomical differences between females and males • Primary sex characteristics (genitals) • Secondary sex characteristics (other than reproductive organs) • Intersexual (hermaphrodite) ambiguous sexual differentiation • does not mean a person possesses both a penis and a vagina • Transsexual sex-related structures of the brain that define gender are opposite from the physical sex organs of the person’s body

  5. Transvestite a person who lives as the opposite sex but does not alter the genitals • cross-dressers are not transsexuals or transvestites • Sexual orientation • preference for emotional-sexual relationships with members of the • opposite sex (heterosexual) • same sex (homosexual) • both (bi-sexual) • “Transgender” • Homophobia • Criteria for Identification • of homosexual and bi- • sexual people (University of Chicago) • sexual attraction • sexual involvement • self-identification

  6. Kinsey Scale

  7. Gender: The Cultural Dimension • Gender culturally and socially-constructed differences between females and males • Masculinity • Femininity • Gender role  “appropriate” for each sex • Gender identity perception of self as male or female • Body consciousness is how a person perceives and feels about his/her body • Eating disorders: anorexia, bulimia, obesity • Bodybuilding • Body dysmorphic disorder

  8. Sexism subordination of one sex (usually female), based on the assumed superiority of the other sex Components of Sexism aimed at women: • Stereotypical beliefs • Negative attitudes toward women • Discrimination Patriarchy hierarchical system of social organization that is controlled by men “Matriarchy”

  9. feminine masculine Gender Socialization • gender-appropriate toys • household chores/task assignment • Parents • Schools • Peers • Sports • Mass Media • Gender bias favoritism towards one gender over another

  10. Economics of Gender Inequality • Gender-segregated work • Labor market segmentation • Pay Gap • Pay equity or comparable worth

  11. Functionalist Perspectives on Gender Stratification • Husband : • Instrumental tasks • economic support • making decisions • Wife : • Expressive tasks • nurturing • caregiving “The Natural Order of the Universe”

  12. Feminist Perspectives on Gender Stratification • Feminism men and women should be valued equally and have equal rights • Can men be feminists? • Liberal feminism • Radical feminism • Socialist feminism • Multicultural feminism

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