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Cellular Energy

Cellular Energy. Why do you get hungry?. Why do you get hungry? Feeling hungry is your body’s way of telling you your cells need energy. All cells need a constant supply energy to stay alive. All Cells Need Energy!!!!!!!. Why do you get hungry?

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Cellular Energy

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  1. Cellular Energy

  2. Why do you get hungry?

  3. Why do you get hungry? • Feeling hungry is your body’s way of telling you your cells need energy. • All cells need a constant supply energy to stay alive.

  4. All Cells Need Energy!!!!!!! • Why do you get hungry? • Feeling hungry is your body’s way of telling you your cells need energy. • All cells need a constant supply energy to stay alive. • Where does that energy come from??????

  5. Food Chains

  6. The sun is the ultimate source of all energy needed to fuel the chemical activities of cells. Most food chains begin with the process of photosynthesis.

  7. A.Photosynthesis– Process that converts the sun’s energy into sugars for plant cells. • Plants and algae are producers (or autotrophs) which means they use energy from the sun to create food

  8. A. All cells use chemicalenergy. Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule B. Plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy by creating molecules of glucose.

  9. C. Plants use some of the chemical energy (glucose) they create to make ATP (energy) for their own cells

  10. D. The rest of the chemical energy (glucose) is stored in the plant’s tissues and is eaten by consumers E. The cells of organisms must be able to release the chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of glucose

  11. Food Chains

  12. Energy Pyramid- Shows Energy Lost as You Move up a Food Chain

  13. In the space provided, explain in your own words why the sun is the ultimate source of all energy on earth.

  14. Producers (plants and plant-like protists) use energy from the sun during photosynthesis to make sugar (food / glucose). This sugar now becomes a source of energy for the plants and the consumers that eat the plants.

  15. 1. All food chains begin with • Decomposers • Consumers • Producers • Herbivores

  16. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

  17. II.How does this process begin? • Chloroplast- organelle that performs photosynthesis reaction B. Pigments- molecules in the chloroplast that absorb sunlight • Chlorophyll – green; main pigment • Carotenoids- yellow to orange; extra pigments that are responsible fall colors

  18. C. photosynthesis reaction – 6CO+ 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 (Carbondioxide + water + lightGlucose + Oxygen)

  19. Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide (6C02) Glucose (C6H12O6) Sun Light Water (6H2O) Oxygen (6O2) Chloroplast Water + Carbon Dioxide + light energy Glucose + Oxygen 6H2O + 6CO2 + light Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

  20. Photosynthesis

  21. 2. Along with sunlight, what do plants and algae take in to carry out photosynthesis? • Glucose and oxygen • Carbon dioxide and water • Glucose and water • Oxygen and carbon dioxide Write this answer down on # 2

  22. 3. What do plants and algae produce during the process of photosynthesis? • Glucose and oxygen • Carbon dioxide and water • Glucose and water • Oxygen and carbon dioxide • Write this answer down on # 3

  23. 4. In which organelle does the process of photosynthesis occur in? • Mitochondria • Golgi Body • Ribosome • Chloroplast

  24. Cellular Energy Part Two Cellular Respiration

  25. Cellular Energy • All cells need energy in order to survive and reproduce. • Today, we are going to continue our discussion about how cells obtain the energy that they need.

  26. Photosynthesis

  27. Photosynthesis Summary • In the process of photosynthesis, producers like plants and algae use the energy in sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Water + Carbon Dioxide + light energy  Glucose + Oxygen

  28. Cellular Respiration • Cells use cellular respiration to release the energy stored in the glucose (occurs in the mitochondria) • Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration is a process that changes starting materials into new products.

  29. I. Cellular Respiration – process that allows organisms to get energy for their cells from glucose (FOOD!). • Mitochondria – organelle that performs cellular respiration. Plant and animal cells have mitochondria. B. Cellular respiration reaction = C6H12O6+ 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose + oxygen  carbondioxide + water + energy NOW… put this equation into the diagram on your paper! Add the reactants on the left side, and the products on the right side.

  30. Cellular Respiration Oxygen (6O2) Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) Glucose (C6H12O6) Water (6H2O) Energy (ATP) Mitochondria Glucose + Oxygen ATP + Water + Carbon Dioxide C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ATP + 6 H2O + 6 CO2

  31. 1. What do cells take in during the process of cellular respiration? • Glucose and oxygen • Carbon dioxide and water • Water and glucose • Oxygen and carbon dioxide Write this answer down on # 1

  32. 2. What do cells produce during the process of cellular respiration? • Glucose and oxygen • Carbon dioxide and water • Water and glucose • Oxygen and carbon dioxide • Write this answer down on #2

  33. 3. In which organelle does the process of cellular respiration occur in? • Mitochondria • Golgi Body • Ribosome • Chloroplast

  34. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Glucose Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Chloroplast Water Cellular Respiration Mitochondria ATP

  35. In your own words, describe how the chloroplast and the mitochondria work together

  36. Fermentation Unicellular organisms like bacteria and some species of fungi rely on fermentation to release the energy stored in glucose.

  37. I. Fermentation – getting energy from food without oxygen – occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell • Two types- Lactic Acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation - produces alcohol; Bacteria and yeast break down sugar and release alcohol as waste. Used to make bread, yogurt, cheese, pickles, beer, and wine. Fermentation is what gives some foods their unique flavor. C6H12O6  2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2 + ATP Glucose  ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + cellular energy

  38. 2. Lactic acid fermentation - Produce lactic acid; Runners Burn  muscle cells that don’t get enough oxygen switch to fermentation in order to get energy; lactic acid builds up and causes burning sensation

  39. 1. Why do human cells switch from cellular respiration to fermentation? • To produce larger quantities of ATP • To produce larger quantities of glucose • They are not getting enough oxygen • They are not getting enough carbon dioxide Write this answer down on # 1

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