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MARIA MONTESSORI

MARIA MONTESSORI. Biographical Information. 1870-1952 first Italian woman physician interest in mental retardation - especially those institutionalized and lacking normal educational experiences followed the methodologies of Seguin:

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MARIA MONTESSORI

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  1. MARIA MONTESSORI

  2. Biographical Information • 1870-1952 • first Italian woman physician • interest in mental retardation - especially those institutionalized and lacking normal educational experiences • followed the methodologies of Seguin: • developmentally challenged children interested in sensory stimulation and physical activity • Montessori used a variety of tasks which were concrete (i.e. involved manipulation of objects, etc.) • bore a child out of wedlock • 1907 - created a school in Rome for poor children • completely successful by 1913 (but not accepted by mainstream educators) • forgotten by 1918 • resurgence of interest in her work during the 1960's

  3. Theoretical Foundations • theoretical work similar to Rousseau: • focus on self-learning of children • belief that the thinking patterns of children are different from those of adults • sensitive period concept: • genetically-based • apply both to cognitive and physical abilities • children are innately inclined to focus on these activities ... to stop them from doing so, negatively affects development

  4. MARIA MONTESSORI • SENSITIVE PERIODS

  5. Sensitive Periods • The Sensitive Period for Order • first 3 years of life • notion that children like to "put things in their place" • e.g. crying six-month-old who was concerned that an umbrella should not be left on the table ... rather it should be put in the umbrella rack • The Sensitive Period for Details • between 1 and 2 years • focus on small details as opposed to the larger picture: • e.g. insects • e.g. background information in pictures • The Sensitive Period for the Use of Hands • between 18 months and 3 years • focus on activities done with the hands: • e.g. opening/shutting containers • e.g. placing things into and taking them out of containers • The Sensitive Period for Walking • no exact date given • focus on walking for the sheer pleasure of the act of walking: • e.g. repetition of going up and down the stairs • The Sensitive Period for Language • from birth to 2/3 years • focus on learning the meaning and grammar of one (or more) languages • language learning seems to be unconscious (therefore making it possible for young child to learn several languages) • physical experience (as opposed to mental) • gone by age 3 • learning order is not incremental ... sometimes great, sometimes plateau • 3 years - change from unconscious language learning to conscious • ability to talk is secure before the start of school

  6. Chelsea Film • Remember the lessons we learned regarding “sensitive periods” of brain development – “windows of opportunity” in the Sixty Minutes film clip we watched in class

  7. MARIA MONTESSORI • SENSITIVE PERIODS • INDEPENDENT MASTERY • CHILD ORIENTED/CHILD DIRECTED • GRADUAL PREPARATION . . . BY DOING

  8. I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. ~ Chinese proverb

  9. MARIA MONTESSORI • SENSITIVE PERIODS • INDEPENDENT MASTERY • CHILD ORIENTED/CHILD DIRECTED • GRADUAL PREPARATION . . . BY DOING • TEACHER AS FACILITATOR ONE CANNOT BE FREE IF ONE IS NOT INDEPENDENT

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