Copy and answer the question. Which is not one of the seven characteristics of life ?

1. Copy and answer the question. • Which is not one of the seven characteristics of life? • Responsiveness • Photosynthesis • Metabolism • Homeostasis • Poly-? Mono-? Macro? • EQ – What are the 4 biomolecules and their monomers? Many One Large

2. Monomers: Fatty Acids Nucleotides Amino acids Monosaccharides Drawings

3. Chemistry of Life Chapter 3

4. Biomolecules Chapter 3 Section 3

5. Building Blocks of Cells • Biomolecules – large, complex molecules that make up the parts of a cell • Four major classes of Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

6. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates – molecules made of sugars • Elements – carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) • Monomers – monosaccharides (single sugars)

7. Functions of Carbs • Major source of energy • Plants store the sun’s energy in glucose • All organisms break down the sugar to release the stored energy • Structural support • Chitin – shells of lobsters and crabs • Cellulose – plant cell walls • Cell recognition • Cells recognize one another using sugars attached to the cell membrane.

8. Examples: • Glucose • Sucrose • Starch • Cellulose • Chitin • Glycogen Carbohydrates

9. Lipids • Lipids – AKA fats • Elements – carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) • Monomers – fatty acids

10. Functions of Lipids • Main purpose is to store energy • Some animals only eat a few months of the year and rely on stored energy for the rest of the year. (whales) • Hibernation • Plants store fat as oil (peanut and corn oil) • Build membranes (cell and organelle)

11. Lipids • Examples • Fats • Phospholipids (cell membrane) • Steroids • Waxes

12. Proteins • Protein – worker molecules of the cell • Structure determines function • Elements – C, O, H, nitrogen (N), and sometimes others like sulfur (S) • Monomers – amino acids

13. Functions of Proteins • Provide structure and support • Enable movement • Aid in communication and transportation • Help carry out important chemical reactions (enzymes)

14. Proteins • Enzymes • Transporters • Membrane Proteins • Microtubules and Microfilaments

15. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic Acids – genes • Elements – C, O, H, N, and Phosphorus (P) • Monomers – nucleotides

16. Functions of Nucleic Acids • Contains the genetic information for an organism • Energy source for cells • ATP – a single nucleotide • Examples • DNA and RNA

17. BR – Copy and answer the question. • Which combination of macromolecule and function is correct? • Carbohydrate: forms membranes • Lipid: speed up chemical reactions • Nucleic acid: stores genetic information • Protein: store energy • SWP – hydro/aqua-? • EQ – How do hydrogen bonds give water its unique properties? water

18. Quick Review What are the four biomolecules? Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

19. Carbon Biomolecules contain 1. Carbohydrates 2. 3. 4. 5. Can be Store genetic information in the form of Function is to Are made of 6. 8. Amino Acids 9. 10. 7.

20. Water Chapter 3 Section 2

21. Polarity • Shared electrons are attracted more to one atom than the other (oxygen in water) • Uneven sharing • Tug-of-war • Polar molecules have partial charges on opposite ends or poles

22. Solubility • Like dissolves like • Polar dissolves polar • Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar • What happens when you mix oil and water?

23. Hydrogen Bonds • Hydrogen has a partial positive charge when bonded to • Oxygen (O) • Nitrogen (N) • Fluorine (F) • This is a very strong attraction not a true bond. • Hydrogen bonds are important in many molecules that make up our cells. • The strands of DNA are held together by H-bonds

24. Properties of Water • Density = Ice Floats • Lifecan exist under ice in lakes • Heat capacity = water absorbs and retains heat • Helps organisms maintain a constant internal temperature (homeostasis)

25. Properties of Water • Cohesion = water molecules stick to each other • Surface tension • Adhesion = water molecules stick to other substances • Cohesion and adhesion cause capillary action which allows water molecules to move upward through the stem of a plant

26. Brazilian Pygmy Gecko • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6UsKJUmq2A

27. Properties of Water Lab • Answer every question completely. • Work smart!!! • What you do not finish counts against you. • Stay at your lab station!!! • Do NOT distract other students during lab!

28. Copy onto your lab data sheet! • No playing during lab. • Do not eat/drink any lab supplies. • Wear goggles when using hot liquids. • Follow all other lab safety procedures. Properties of Water Lab

29. Copy and answer the question. • Which type of molecule provides building blocks for tissues, transports other molecules, and helps regulate certain reactions in cells? • Lipid • Fat • Carbohydrate • Protein • – ase? • EQ – How do enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions?

30. Energy & Metabolism Chapter 3 Sections 4

31. Quick Review What are the four biomolecules? Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

32. Macromolecules • Macromolecules – large biomolecules • Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids • Monomer – small units that make up large molecules • Protein  • Carbohydrate  • Lipid  • Nucleic Acid  Amino acid Monosaccharide Fatty acid Nucleotide

33. Energy • What is energy? • Energy – the ability to move or change matter • Energy exists in many forms. • Light • Heat • Chemical energy • Mechanical energy • Electrical energy • Energy can be converted from one form to another.

34. Chemical Reactions Reactants Products (What you start with) (What you end with) • Reactant – a substance that is changed in a chemical reaction • Goes on the left of the arrow • Product – a substance that is formed • Goes on the right of the arrow 2H2O2 2H2O + O2

35. Reversible Reactions • Double arrow means the reaction may go in either direction • Depends on the conditions at the time.

36. Activation Energy • Activation Energy – the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

37. Homeostasis • Organisms carry out many chemical reactions that help maintain a stable internal environment. • Most of these reactions require large amounts of energy to get started. • Enzymes help organisms maintain homeostasis by lowering the amount of energy required.

38. Enzyme • Enzyme – a protein that increases the speed of biochemical reactions (catalyst) • Hold molecules together and in correct orientation • Enzymes fit with reactants like a lock fits a key.

39. Enzyme Video Clip • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

40. Enzyme Conditions • What affects enzymes? • Temperature • pH • Amount of substrates

41. Role of Enzymes • Lower the activation energy by holding the substrates together and in the correct orientation. • Without enzymes, most reactions would not occur fast enough to sustain life.

42. Metabolism • THINK BACK: What is metabolism? • Build up and break down • We get the energy we need for metabolism from the food we eat. • Two main processes • Photosynthesis • Cellular Respiration

43. Liver Lab • Lab Safety Rules: • Wear goggles at all times. • No playing in the lab. • Follow all other lab procedures. Foam Scale 0=no foam 1=very little foam 2=some foam 3=half foam/half liquid 4=mostly foam 5=all foam

44. BR – Copy graph and the question; then, answer the question. • What does A represent? • Energy of the products • Reaction progress • Activation energy without a catalyst • Activation energy with catalyst • SWP – ose? • EQ – How are macromolecules used in our cells?

45. A Energy B R P Reaction Time

46. Copy and answer the questions. • The unequal sharing of electrons causes ____________ or partial charges at opposite ends of the molecule. • A monosaccharide is a __________ sugar molecule. • All biomolecules contain ____________. • The main purpose of lipids is to _________ _________.

47. Just write the answers!!! QUIZ • The unequal sharing of electrons causes ____________ or partial charges at opposite ends of the molecule. • A monosaccharide is a __________ sugar molecule. • All biomolecules contain ____________. • The main purpose of lipids is to _________ _________. • The primary structure of a protein is the ___________ of amino acids.